Synthesis of Magnetic Microspheres with Sodium Alginate and Activated Carbon for Removal of Methylene Blue

This study reviews the most relevant results on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of activated carbons obtained by novel chemical activation with FeCl3. The text includes a description of the activation mechanism, which compromises three different stages: (1) intense de-polymerization of the carbon precursor (up to 300 °C), (2) devolatilization and formation of the inner porosity (between 300 and 700 °C), and (3) dehydrogenation of the fixed carbon structure (>700 °C). Among the different synthesis conditions, the activation temperature, and, to a lesser extent, the impregnation ratio (i.e., mass ratio of FeCl3 to carbon precursor), are the most relevant parameters controlling the final properties of the resulting activated carbons. The characteristics of the carbons in terms of porosity, surface chemistry, and magnetic properties are analyzed in detail. These carbons showed a well-developed porous texture mainly in the micropore size range, an acidic surface with an abundance of oxygen surface groups, and a superparamagnetic character due to the presence of well-distributed iron species. These properties convert these carbons into promising candidates for different applications. They are widely analyzed as adsorbents in aqueous phase applications due to their porosity, surface acidity, and ease of separation. The presence of stable and well-distributed iron species on the carbons’ surface makes them promising catalysts for different applications. Finally, the presence of iron compounds has been shown to improve the graphitization degree and conductivity of the carbons; these are consequently being analyzed in energy storage applications.

show abstract

“…Figure 11. Example of adsorption of methylene blue (MB) followed by removal of the magnetic activated carbon with a magnet (adapted from [112]).…”

Section: Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, the peak that appeared at 951 cm -1 was caused by the C-O group. A broad band that ranged from 3200 to 3500 cm -1 is due to the OH group [16]. Figure 2 shows the spectrum of M-AlgNPs which is greatly matched to JCPDS file No.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetite-Alginate Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Nickel and Cobalt Ion Adsorption from Wastewater

El-Shamy

El-Azabawy

2019

Journal of Nanomaterials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Superparamagnetic magnetite-alginate nanoparticles (M-AlgNPs) were synthesized utilizing a coprecipitation method. Then, the prepared M-AlgNPs were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) to affirm the formation and the crystallinity of this composite. In addition, the surface morphology of the prepared nanoparticles was inspected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which revealed well-dispersed nanoparticles of Fe 3 O 4 into alginate. The adsorption characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles for removing Ni +2 and Co +2 from wastewater were evaluated via atomic absorption measurements (AAS). The elimination efficiency of the M-AlgNPs was detected at pH = 7 in 100 ppm (initial concentration) of Ni +2 and Co +2 , separately. The M-AlgNPs provided the maximum equilibrium uptake percentage for Ni +2 and Co +2 of 97.88 and 95.01%, respectively. The adsorption of Ni +2 and Co +2 onto the M-AlgNP surface was found to fit the Langmuir model with R 2 values higher than that obtained from the Freundlich model for both metal ions. Moreover, R L "separating factor" for the adsorption process was assessed and found to be less than unity; this expresses the higher ability of the investigated metal ions to be adsorbed onto the M-AlgNP surface. The adsorption method was discovered to be pH-dependent and well-suited to the isothermal equations of Langmuir and Freundlich. For regeneration studies, M-AlgNPs have been investigated and results confirmed that it could be reused with effective sorption capacity over three cycles.

show abstract

“…Figure 4 a shows the FTIR spectra of Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 , and FSMAA. The adsorption peaks at 574 cm −1 , 1633 cm −1 , and 3447 cm −1 appeared in all samples’ spectra and were attributed to the stretching vibration of Fe–O, –OH, and –OH bonds, respectively [ 18 , 19 ]. For Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 , the adsorption peaks at 794 cm −1 and 1082 cm −1 corresponded to the amorphous silica Si–O–Si vibration, and the peak at 958 cm −1 was associated with the Si–OH vibration [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Methylene Blue Adsorption

Zheng

Zhao

et al. 2018

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The removal of methylene blue (MB) from wastewater has attracted global concerns. In this study, polymer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for MB removal, Fe3O4@SiO2-MPS-g-AA-AMPS (FSMAA), were successfully synthesized by grafting acrylic acid (AA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) on the surface of vinyl-modified Fe3O4@SiO2. With various characterization techniques, it was confirmed that the obtained FSMAA had a core–shell structure, a good magnetic property, and plenty of functional groups on its surface. MB adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption capacity of FSMAA was notably enhanced as the grafted monomer concentration and solution pH were increased. The adsorption kinetic data and isothermal data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of FSMAA was 421.9 mg g−1 with grafted monomer concentration at 2.0 mol L−1 and solution pH at 9, much higher than those of other adsorbents stated in previous literatures. Based on XPS analysis, surface adsorption mechanism between FSMAA and MB was electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, FSMAA was effectively regenerated by acid pickling, and the remaining adsorption capacity was more than 60% after eight adsorption–regeneration cycles. All the results demonstrated the self-made FSMAA was a desirable adsorbent to remove MB from wastewater.

show abstract

Synthesis of Magnetic Microspheres with Sodium Alginate and Activated Carbon for Removal of Methylene Blue

Cited by 52 publications

References 43 publications

Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

Review on Activated Carbons by Chemical Activation with FeCl3

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetite-Alginate Nanoparticles for Enhancement of Nickel and Cobalt Ion Adsorption from Wastewater

Polymer-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Methylene Blue Adsorption

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About