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Synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4/activated carbon prepared from banana peel (BPAC@Fe3O4) and salvia seed (SSAC@Fe3O4) and applications in the adsorption of Basic Blue 41 textile dye from aqueous solutions
Abstract:Textile industries use large amounts of water and chemicals for finishing and dying processes. The chemical structures of dyes vary enormously, and some have complicated aromatic structures that resist degradation in conventional wastewater treatment processes because of their stability to sunlight, oxidizing agents, and microorganisms. The objective of this research is to compare the adsorption efficiency of two types of magnetic activated carbons derived from Banana peel and Salvia seed for the removal of ba… Show more
“…As adsorption time progresses the active sites are occupied by adsorbates which make constant adsorption efficiency. This may be clarified by the fact that originally, the ion absorption rate was higher since entire sites on the adsorbent were unoccupied and the concentration of ions was high, but that rate remained constant as all sites were filled consequently because doing so prevents the additional adsorbate from being taken up [ 30 , 34 , 48 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Usually, heavy metal ions can be adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent via intermolecular interactions. The amputation of heavy metals from numerous sources of wastewater has reportedly been accomplished using commercial activated carbon [ 15 , 29 , 30 ], zeolites, and biomass-derived adsorbents like peanut shells [ 31 – 33 ], banana peel [ 34 , 35 ], dry tree leaves [ 36 ], rice husk [ 37 ], tea and coffee waste [ 38 ], coconut shell powder [ 39 ], papaya seed [ 40 ], and eggshell [ 41 ]. Nevertheless, some problems, including the need for a prolonged reaction time, excessive calcination temperature, inadequate stability, short reusability, a low surface area, etc.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As a result, it is crucial to create low-cost adsorbents with a large surface area utilizing straightforward synthesis techniques. The characteristics of a promising ion adsorbent are high adsorption kinetics, substantial adsorption capacities even at low contamination levels, selectivity for the target ion, stability in the aqueous environment, scalability, recoverability, and cost [ 25 , 27 , 30 , 34 , 36 , 43 – 48 ]. Physical adsorption and chemical adsorption are the two main categories of adsorption processes [ 15 ].…”
Heavy metals like Cadmium, Lead, and Chromium are the pollutants emitted into the environment through industrial development. In this work, a new diphenylamine coordinated cobalt complex (Co-DPA) has been synthesized and tested for its efficiency in removing heavy metals from wastewater, and its adsorption capacity was investigated. The effectiveness of heavy metals removal by Co-DPA was evaluated by adjusting the adsorption parameters, such as adsorbent dose, pH, initial metals concentration, and adsorption period. Heavy metal concentrations in real sample were 0.267, 0.075, and 0.125 mg/L for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+ before using as-synthesized Co-DPA to treat wastewater. After being treated with synthesized Co-DPA the concentration of heavy metals was reduced to 0.0129, 0.00028, 0.00054 mg/L for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+, respectively, in 80 min. The removal efficiency was 95.6%, 99.5%, and 99.5% for the respective metals. The adsorption process fitted satisfactorily with Freundlich isotherm with R2(0.999, 0.997, 0.995) for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+, respectively. The kinetic data obeyed the pseudo-second order for Cd2+ and Cr2+ and the pseudo-first order for Pb2+. Based on the results obtained within the framework of this study, it is concluded that the as-synthesized Co-DPA is a good adsorbent to eliminate heavy metal ions like Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+from wastewater solution. In general, Co-DPA is a promising new material for the removal of heavy metal ions from water.
Graphical Abstract
“…As adsorption time progresses the active sites are occupied by adsorbates which make constant adsorption efficiency. This may be clarified by the fact that originally, the ion absorption rate was higher since entire sites on the adsorbent were unoccupied and the concentration of ions was high, but that rate remained constant as all sites were filled consequently because doing so prevents the additional adsorbate from being taken up [ 30 , 34 , 48 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Usually, heavy metal ions can be adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent via intermolecular interactions. The amputation of heavy metals from numerous sources of wastewater has reportedly been accomplished using commercial activated carbon [ 15 , 29 , 30 ], zeolites, and biomass-derived adsorbents like peanut shells [ 31 – 33 ], banana peel [ 34 , 35 ], dry tree leaves [ 36 ], rice husk [ 37 ], tea and coffee waste [ 38 ], coconut shell powder [ 39 ], papaya seed [ 40 ], and eggshell [ 41 ]. Nevertheless, some problems, including the need for a prolonged reaction time, excessive calcination temperature, inadequate stability, short reusability, a low surface area, etc.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As a result, it is crucial to create low-cost adsorbents with a large surface area utilizing straightforward synthesis techniques. The characteristics of a promising ion adsorbent are high adsorption kinetics, substantial adsorption capacities even at low contamination levels, selectivity for the target ion, stability in the aqueous environment, scalability, recoverability, and cost [ 25 , 27 , 30 , 34 , 36 , 43 – 48 ]. Physical adsorption and chemical adsorption are the two main categories of adsorption processes [ 15 ].…”
Heavy metals like Cadmium, Lead, and Chromium are the pollutants emitted into the environment through industrial development. In this work, a new diphenylamine coordinated cobalt complex (Co-DPA) has been synthesized and tested for its efficiency in removing heavy metals from wastewater, and its adsorption capacity was investigated. The effectiveness of heavy metals removal by Co-DPA was evaluated by adjusting the adsorption parameters, such as adsorbent dose, pH, initial metals concentration, and adsorption period. Heavy metal concentrations in real sample were 0.267, 0.075, and 0.125 mg/L for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+ before using as-synthesized Co-DPA to treat wastewater. After being treated with synthesized Co-DPA the concentration of heavy metals was reduced to 0.0129, 0.00028, 0.00054 mg/L for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+, respectively, in 80 min. The removal efficiency was 95.6%, 99.5%, and 99.5% for the respective metals. The adsorption process fitted satisfactorily with Freundlich isotherm with R2(0.999, 0.997, 0.995) for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+, respectively. The kinetic data obeyed the pseudo-second order for Cd2+ and Cr2+ and the pseudo-first order for Pb2+. Based on the results obtained within the framework of this study, it is concluded that the as-synthesized Co-DPA is a good adsorbent to eliminate heavy metal ions like Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cr3+from wastewater solution. In general, Co-DPA is a promising new material for the removal of heavy metal ions from water.
Graphical Abstract
“…Meanwhile, Yan and Sizhong [39] performed several chemical and physical processes to obtain AC for methylene blue removal. Mohammadifard et al [40] synthesized magnetic Fe 3 O 4 /activated carbon prepared from banana peel. The bers were soaked in concentrated phosphoric acid for 24 hours for activated carbon production and then dried in an electric oven at 650°C.…”
Activated carbon (AC) produced from agro-industrial waste is an interesting adsorbent in water purification and effluent treatment processes. In this work, activated biochar (BFAC) from banana peel waste (BPF) was prepared by chemical activation (NaOH) followed by pyrolysis at 600 °C to remove methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. BFAC was characterized by TGA, XRD, SEM, and FTIR techniques. The influence of dye concentration (10, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg L−1) and zero point charge (ZPC) were investigated. Besides, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate and analyze the environmental effects of the developed process. BFAC presented a well-developed pore structure with a predominance of mesopores and macropores, influencing the MB removal capacity. The highest efficiency for dye removal was 62 % after 10 min to an initial concentration of 50 mg.L-1. Temkin, Langmuir, and Freundlich, isotherm models defined the adsorption isotherms well. The Langmuir model represented the best fit of experimental data for BFAC with a maximum adsorption capacity of 417 mg g−1. Regarding LCA, a prospective approach at the early stage of development was conducted to orient the transition from laboratory to industrial scale, aiming at providing a competitive CO2-based technological route. The proposed scenarios suggest that this route is promising either from the life cycle assessment or the circular economy perspective. Thus, BFAC can be considered as an adsorbent of great practical application for post-treatment of wastewater effluents aiming to remove contaminants.
“…Pseudo second-order kinetic model surface of activated sludge [36]. The n value reflects the favorable degree of the microplastics in the sludge to the adsorption of EPS fractions.…”
The adsorption characteristics between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microplastics polystyrene (PS) in anaerobic granular sludge were studied. In anaerobic granular sludge, the smaller the particle size of microplastics, the more obvious the increase of total EPS. 0.5 um PS promotes an increase in EPS to 1.14 times that of the blank reactor, 200 um PS reduces the EPS to 0.91 times. Among the five fractions of EPS, the hydrophilic fraction (HPI) fraction can resist the toxicity of small size microplastics, so the increment is the most obvious. 5 um PS promotes an increase in the relative intensity of HPI from 55.5 mg/gVS to 87.2 mg/gVS. The adsorption behavior of the five fractions of EPS on microplastics PS can be well described by pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Freundlich model. Hydrophobic interaction, π-π electron-donor-receptor interaction, chemical adsorption and electrostatic attraction simultaneously affect the adsorption of five fractions of EPS by PS. The analysis of infrared spectroscopy, which showed that O-H stretching vibration, carbonyl C-O group, amide-1, amide-2 absorptivity, and phenol C-O bond have a great contribution to the adsorption of microplastics. It can be seen that small particle sizes of PS have a more significant impact on sludge EPS.
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