Synthesis of macroscopic monolithic metal–organic gels for ultra-fast destruction of chemical warfare agents

Abstract

For the first time, we report hierarchically porous monolithic UiO-66-X xerogels for ultra-fast destruction of chemical warfare agents. The half-lives of the vesicant agent sulfur mustard (HD) and of the nerve agent VX are as short as 14.4 min and 1.5 min, respectively.

Ultrafast Degradation and High Adsorption Capability of a Sulfur Mustard Simulant under Ambient Conditions Using Granular UiO-66-NH2 Metal–Organic Gels

“…Metal–organic gels (MOGs), known as a class of extended MOF architecture, have aroused extensive concern because of their low density, large surface area, open metal sites, abundant pore structure, gentle synthesis condition, and low cost of production. − MOGs can be manufactured as macroscopic monoliths or granules by aggregating MOF particles into tridimensional networks through metal–ligand coordination associated with van der Waals interactions, hydrogen binding, and π–π stacking. , The critical point is to adjust synthetic factors such as reactant concentration, temperature, time, and solvent for the preparation of MOGs, which consisted of nanoparticles. − Compared to MOFs, MOGs can not only surmount the limitations of MOF powders in practical applications but also their hierarchically porous structure is conducive to reducing diffusion barriers between substrates and active sites, and accelerating the mass-transfer rate, which endow MOGs with reinforced performance in adsorption and catalysis; moreover, the hierarchically porous structure also endows MOGs with special adsorption capacity, which makes MOGs show good adsorption performance for CWAs. Very recently, the macroscopic monolithic UiO-66-X xerogels for decomposition of CWAs in solution have been reported by us for the first time . However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been investigations neither about the decontamination of HD on MOGs in the pure phase nor the dual function of decontamination and adsorption toward HD or its simulants.…”

“…Very recently, the macroscopic monolithic UiO-66-X xerogels for decomposition of CWAs in solution have been reported by us for the first time. 35 However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been investigations neither about the decontamination of HD on MOGs in the pure phase nor the dual function of decontamination and adsorption toward HD or its simulants.…”

Synergistic Effect of Sorption and Hydrolysis by NU-1000 Nanostructures for Removal and Detoxification of Chlorpyrifos

“…Among different classes of materials, metal–organic framework (MOF) compounds have emerged as interesting candidates for the removal of OPs due to their high porosity and adsorption capacity. , MOFs are a class of porous materials composed of inorganic nodes and organic linkers assembled into a multidimensional lattice. Their tunable pore size and shape, the stable framework, and the possibility for post-synthetic modification enabled the development of MOFs for numerous applications such as drug delivery, chemical separation, gas storage, , nanozymatic catalysis, , detoxification of chemical warfare agents, − as well as water remediation. ,− For example, superior performance of MOF adsorbents for the removal of pesticides was demonstrated in the case of neonicotinoid insecticides, which were removed with superb removal rates (nearly 100% under 30 s) using thioether-based MOFs in multiple regeneration cycles (up to 10) and with adsorption capacities up to 500 mg g –1 …”

Progress in Research and Application of Metal–Organic Gels: A Review

“…As shown in Part A on the left of Figure 6 , the research status of metal–organic gels focuses on the research literature of physics, materials, chemistry, etc., and the right half takes the discipline of the cited literature as the research basis of metal–organic gels. Citation fields focus more on physics, materials, chemistry, mathematics, mechanics, ecology, and environment [ 47 ]. It is worth noting that in the citation field on the left, physics, materials, and chemistry have an outward citation path, indicating that this discipline is the most dominant citation discipline.…”