Synthesis of long chain alkanes via aldol condensation over modified chitosan catalyst and subsequent hydrodeoxygenation

Research progress of catalysts for aldol condensation of biomass based compounds

“…Xue Lai Zhao 57 used NaOH-modified chitosan as a catalyst to catalyze the aldol condensation reaction between furfural and levulinic acid. The reaction route is shown in Fig.…”

Sulfamic acid grafted to cross-linked chitosan by dendritic units: a bio-based, highly efficient and heterogeneous organocatalyst for green synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazoline derivatives

“…11,15–39 Among these scaffolds, chitosan (CS) is one of the most unique and widely used biopolymers, a natural and active cationic amino polysaccharide obtained from the alkaline N -deacetylation of chitin. 8,24,40–47 Indeed, chitosan has numerous applications in various fields such as preparation of new bio-based materials, 48–52 heterogeneous catalytic systems, 38,53–55 water purification, metal extraction, 56–59 electrolyte-based fuel cells, 60–62 sensors, 6,63 corrosion protection, 64 etc. However, many research attempts are being made to provide functional chitosan derivatives with chemical modifications.…”

Efficient Conversion of Biomass-Derived Saccharides to Levulinic Acid Using Silicotungstic Acid

“…2 Levulinic acid has highly reactive carbonyl and carboxyl groups, which can participate in esterification, oxidation−reduction, substitution, and condensation reactions to generate various valueadded chemicals, such as levulinic esters, γ-valerolactone (GVL), and ethyl levulinate. These chemicals are applied in areas such as biofuels and fuel additives, 3 solvents, 4 surfactants, 5 etc. In addition, levulinic acid has been used in step-growth polymerization, in chain-growth polymerization, as a post-polymerization functionality, and finally as a method to introduce post-polymerization modification to sustainable polymers.…”