Synthesis of Liquid Hot Water Cotton Linter to Prepare Cellulose Membrane using NaOH/Urea or LiOH/Urea

Gan, Sinyee; Padzil, Farah Nadia Mohammad; Zakaria, Sarani; Chia, Chin Hua; Jaafar, Sharifah Nabihah Syed; Chen, Ruey Shan

doi:10.15376/biores.10.2.2244-2255

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Moreover, the peaks corresponded to the crystallographic planes of 110, 11 ̅ 0, 200, and 004, respectively. This result was comparable to Lamaming et al [8] for OPTF and for CL [9]. The CrI of 22.4%, 33.2%, 61.8%, and 60.8% were determined for OPTF, modified OPTF, CL and modified CL, respectively.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Crystallinity Analysis Of Cellulose Fsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fabrication of Cellulose Microspheres From Modified Cotton Linter and Oil Palm Trunk Fibre via Emulsion Method

Norizan

Mahadi

Nizam

et al. 2018

MJAS

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In this study, cellulose microspheres from modified cotton linter (CL) and oil palm trunk fibre (OPTF) were fabricated by using simple emulsion method. The cellulose was obtained from the CL and OPTF through the alkaline pre-treatment and acid hydrolysis processes. The emulsion method was performed using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an emulsifying agent. The characterization of the cellulose from CL and OPTF were analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the morphological characterizations of cellulose microspheres were later observed under optical microscopy (OM) and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Based on the results, FTIR spectra displayed the lignin and hemicellulose had removed after treatments, while XRD revealed that the crystallinity index of OPTF and CL was increased after the treatments. The microspheres, formed with different ranges of size between 80 to 150 µm under OM and FE-SEM, showed the formation of pores on the surface of the microspheres. AbstrakKajian ini dijalankan bagi menghasilkan mikrosfera selulosa daripada linter kapas (LK) dan gentian batang kelapa sawit (GBKS) melalui kaedah emulsi. Selulosa didapati daripada LK dan gentian GBKS selepas proses pra-rawatan alkali dan hidrolisis asid. Manakala, kaedah emulsi dijalankan dengan menggunakan polivinil alkohol (PVA) sebagai agen pengemulsi. Pencirian selulosa daripada LK dan GBKS akan dianalisa menggunakan analisis transformasi inframerah Fourier (FTIR) dan pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) dan pencirian morfologi bagi mikrosfera selulosa dijalankan oleh mikroskopi optik (OM) dan mikroskop elektronimbasan pancaran medan (FE-SEM). Berdasarkan keputusan FTIR yang diperoleh, lignin dan hemiselulosa telah berjaya dibuang selepas rawatan, sementara itu, keputusan XRD menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan pada indeks kehabluran bagi GBKS dan LK selepas rawatan. Mikrosfera yang terbentuk juga dapat diperhatikan melalui OM dengan saiz berjulat 80 hingga 150 µm dan FE-SEM pula menunjukkan penghasilan liang pada permukaan kedua-dua mikrosfera.Kata kunci: pengemulsi, lignin, berliang, mikroskop elektron imbasan pancaran medan

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Section: Results and Discussion Crystallinity Analysis Of Cellulose Fsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fabrication of Cellulose Microspheres From Modified Cotton Linter and Oil Palm Trunk Fibre via Emulsion Method

Norizan

Mahadi

Nizam

et al. 2018

MJAS

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“…The other way around for C2-TEMPO samples, where it shows solid structure without any pores that can be observed in Figure 1d. The dense structure and increment in porosity noticed in C2 samples reveal that the substance contains pores and voids, probably brought on by NaOH/urea regeneration process (Gan et al 2015a). Contrarily, lack of pores in C2-TEMPO is due to cellulose rearrangement as discussed in the next XRD section.…”

Section: Ultraviolet-visible (Uv-vis) Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

The dispersibility of Cellulose I and Cellulose II by tempo-mediated oxidation

Ghazali,

Salleh,

Jafri

et al. 2024

CERNE

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Background:The restricted dispersibility of cellulose in water has grown to be a significant problem which is a key step in making cellulose soluble in water and common solvent. To overcome the obstacle, cellulose structure is being modified to improve the surface properties and the utilization of the cellulose itself. In this study, cellulose I and cellulose II were examined after treated with watersoluble 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO). The hydrogen bond between chains and the crystallinity of the cotton linter (cellulose I) was first broken by NaOH/urea. Then, cellulose I and NaOH/urea-treated cellulose (cellulose II) were oxidized with sodium chlorite, sodium bromide, and TEMPO in a catalytic amount. Results:The success of oxidation is achieved when both cellulose I and II treated with TEMPO had preferentially converted the hydroxyl groups to carboxylate groups through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). Besides, through X-ray diffraction analysis, cellulose I and II exhibited a decreased in the crystallinity. The scattered structure revealed through morphology analysis proved that cellulose treated with TEMPO had resulted in a more dispersed and separated cellulose fibre structure. Conclusion:The result showed, cellulose has been successfully modified using TEMPO-mediated oxidation with improved dispersion properties. The scattered structure revealed through morphology analysis proved that cellulose treated with TEMPO had resulted in a more dispersed and separated cellulose fibre structure. High cellulose dispersion ability will allow the manufacturing process of hydrogel, film and fibre to be much easier and faster. This is necessary for creating novel, environmentally friendly materials for various applications across numerous industries and future research anticipated to increase.

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“…It was discovered already in 1930s that by combining some additives to the aquatic NaOH or LiOH solution, the solubility of cellulose can be improved, and cellulose can be dissolved [117][118][119][120][121]. Such additives include urea [122][123][124], thiourea [13,[125][126][127] zinc oxide (ZnO) [128,129] and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [130,131].…”

Section: Aqueous Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating Sustainable All-Cellulose Composites

2021

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Climate change, waste disposal challenges, and emissions generated by the manufacture of non-renewable materials are driving forces behind the production of more sustainable composite materials. All-cellulose composites (ACCs) originate from renewable biomass, such as trees and other plants, and are considered fully biodegradable. Dissolving cellulose is a common part of manufacturing ACCs, and currently there is a lot of research focused on effective, but also more environmentally friendly cellulose solvents. There are several beneficial properties of ACC materials that make them competitive: light weight, recyclability, low toxicity, good optical, mechanical, and gas barrier properties, and abundance of renewable plant-based raw material. The most prominent ACC applications are currently found in the food packing, medical, technical and vehicle industries. All-cellulose nanocomposites (ACNCs) expand the current research field and can offer a variety of more specific and functional applications. This review provides an overview of the manufacture of sustainable ACCs from lignocellulose, purified cellulose, and cellulosic textiles. There is an introduction of the cellulose dissolution practices of creating ACCs that are currently researched, the structure of cellulose during complete or partial dissolution is discussed, and a brief overview of factors which influence composite properties is presented.

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Synthesis of Liquid Hot Water Cotton Linter to Prepare Cellulose Membrane using NaOH/Urea or LiOH/Urea

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Fabrication of Cellulose Microspheres From Modified Cotton Linter and Oil Palm Trunk Fibre via Emulsion Method

Fabrication of Cellulose Microspheres From Modified Cotton Linter and Oil Palm Trunk Fibre via Emulsion Method

The dispersibility of Cellulose I and Cellulose II by tempo-mediated oxidation

Fabricating Sustainable All-Cellulose Composites

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