Synthesis of Lipid Nanoparticles Incorporated with Ferula assa-foetida L. Extract

Abstract

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) have been prepared by high-pressure homogenization and optimized in order to protect ferulic acid from Ferula assa-foetida L. extract. The influence of lipid and surfactant concentration on the mean particle size (Z-Ave), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP) of SLN was analyzed. In addition, other parameters for the preparation of ferulic acid-loaded nanoparticles, such as extract concentration and variable parameters for the synthesis method used (e.g., pressure), were adjusted to obtain the smallest particle size and polydispersity index, as well as the highest value for zeta potential, which are characteristic of the stable SLN. The established formulation obtained from the optimized synthesis was composed of 6.0 wt.% of the lipid phase and 1.5 wt.% of surfactant, giving stable SLN with Z-Ave, PDI, and ZP values of 163.00 ± 1.06 nm, 0.16 ± 0.01, and −41.97 ± 0.47 mV, respectively. The loading of ferulic acid from Ferula assa-foetida L. extract within the SLN resulted in particles with a mean size of 155.3 ± 1.1 nm, polydispersity index of 0.16 ± 0.01, zeta potential of −38.00 ± 1.12 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 27%, the latter being quantified on the basis of RP-HPLC analysis. Our findings highlight the added value of SLN as a delivery system for phenolic phytochemical compounds extracted from Ferula assa-foetida L.

Use of Waste from the Food Industry and Applications of the Fermentation Process to Create Sustainable Cosmetic Products: A Review

“…There are also several methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of functional extracts obtained from food waste. One of them are advanced chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, such as High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), or Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, applicable to the compounds such as fatty acids methyl esters, cinnamic acid derivatives, and glycerine [65,86].…”

“…Particularly noteworthy in this group of compounds is trans-resveratrol, which is used in cosmetic formulations as an anti-aging and anti-hyperpigmentation ingredient which prevents skin discoloration by suppressing tyrosinase activity during melanogenesis [90][91][92]. Another phytochemical with strong antioxidant activity is ferulic acid, which can be also stabilized in cosmetic products in the form of lipid carriers [86] and liposomes [93]. It has been proved that ferulic acid does not exhibit toxicity even at higher concentrations.…”

Bio-Based Valorization of Lignin-Derived Phenolic Compounds: A Review

“…This strengthens the cell wall and restricts its growth [63]. The name ferulic acid is derived from the plant from which it was first obtained (genus Ferula) [64]. The interest in ferulic acid is due to its use in cosmetics [64] and its therapeutic potential in neurology [65,66], gastroenterology, and oncology [67].…”

Effect of Stirring Speed and Stirring Time on Characterization of Clindamycin HCL Ethosomal and Ich Q1a (R2) Stability Test

“…This research will focus on the effect of speed and time of stirring using ultra-turrax. Ultra-turrax is a tool that can destroy agglomerates and reduce the particle size to be uniform [8,9]. Stirring speed and time will affect the characteristics of the resulting ethosomes such as entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”