Synthesis of LiFePO₄Nanoparticles and Crystal Formation Mechanism during Solvothermal Reaction

Abstract

Systematic experiments were performed on the synthesis of nano-structured LiFePO4 by the solvothermal route using different reaction times of 2, 8, 16, and 36 h at a moderate temperature of 240°C. The physical, chemical and electrochemical properties of the LiFePO4 samples were investigated by powder X-ray Diffraction, field-emission SEM/TEM, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), particle size distribution measurement, and galvanostatic tests. The crystal growth mechanism during the solvothermal reaction was deemed to consist of four stages, viz. the dissolution of the precursor and nucleation, growth and aggregation, partial dissolution, and complete crystallization.

Electrode Composite LiFePO4@Carbon: Structure and Electrochemical Performances

“…The better performance of LFP700 than LFP600 and LFP800 can be explained by the high amount of carbon coating, the well-crystalline grains, and the fast kinetic of Li transportation. Our cycling results are comparable to the previous report in context of electrode composite LiFePO 4 @carbon for Li-ion batteries [7,15,33,34]. Figure 8(a) demonstrates the typical charge-discharge profiles of LFP700 at rate capability performance.…”

“…Hydrothermal condition Grain's size Temperature pyrolysis Capacity Brochu et al [13] 185°C for 2 hours 240 nm thick and 1 μm length 650°C for 2 hours in argon 160 mAh/g at rate C/10 Chen et al [14] 200°C for 6 hours 2-3 μm 600°C for 2 hours in argon 150 mAh/g at rate C/10 Lim et al [15] 240°C from 2 to 36 hours 300-600 nm 180 mAh/g (50 cycles) at rate C/10…”

Morphology evolution and impurity analysis of LiFePO4 nanoparticles via a solvothermal synthesis process

“…Reports on element distributions are mostly about element ratios of LiFePO 4 solid particles for those via hydrothermal methods 32,[45][46][47][48][49] and solvothermal process. 29 Systemically investigations of element behaviour are essential for better understanding of reaction mechanisms and inuence parameters of solvothermal synthesis LiFePO 4 . This paper reported several LiFePO 4 particles with different morphologies synthesized at different acidity (pH) solutions using EG as solvent.…”

An Alternative Synthesis Route of LiFePO4-Carbon Composites for Li-Ion Cathodes

“…To surmount these drawbacks, numerous techniques and strategies including carbon coating [6], mixing with conducting materials [7], reducing the particle size [8], anion doping [9], and supervalent cation doping [4,10] have been developed, but the effect is still controversial. Among other modifications than the above mentioned, nanostructured LFP has recently been gaining more and more concerns [11]. These nanosized LFP particles exhibited good cycling performance and excellent high-rate discharge property because of large reaction areas and faster transfer of electrons and lithium ions [12].…”