Synthesis of Lactulose in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor With β-Galactosidase of Apergillus oryzae Immobilized in Monofunctional Glyoxyl Agarose Support

Ubilla, Claudia; Ramírez, Nicolás; Valdivia, Felipe; Vera, Carlos; Illanes, Andrés; Guerrero, Cecilia

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00699

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…Lactulose (4-o-β-galactopyranosyl-d-fructose) is a lactose isomer with prebiotic properties and broad medical uses, like mildly purgative action and inhibitory properties against ammonia-producing microorganisms (Schaafsma 2008 ; Zimmer et al 2017 ). Lactulose is produced commercially by isomerization (alkali hydroxide catalysis or alkaline epimerization) of α-lactose with calcium hydroxide as the catalyst (Audic et al 2003 ), although it can also be obtained using ß-galactosidases to cleave the lactose and having fructose as the nucleophilic acceptor (Ubilla et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Other Value-added Products From Whey: Lactose Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes for production of whey protein hydrolysates and other value-added products

Irazoqui,

Santiago,

Mainez

et al. 2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Whey is a byproduct of dairy industries, the aqueous portion which separates from cheese during the coagulation of milk. It represents approximately 85–95% of milk’s volume and retains much of its nutrients, including functional proteins and peptides, lipids, lactose, minerals, and vitamins. Due to its composition, mainly proteins and lactose, it can be considered a raw material for value-added products. Whey-derived products are often used to supplement food, as they have shown several physiological effects on the body. Whey protein hydrolysates are reported to have different activities, including antihypertensive, antioxidant, antithrombotic, opioid, antimicrobial, cytomodulatory, and immuno-modulatory. On the other hand, galactooligosaccharides obtained from lactose can be used as prebiotic for beneficial microorganisms for the human gastrointestinal tract. All these compounds can be obtained through physicochemical, microbial, or enzymatic treatments. Particularly, enzymatic processes have the advantage of being highly selective, more stable than chemical transformations, and less polluting, making that the global enzyme market grow at accelerated rates. The sources and different products associated with the most used enzymes are particularly highlighted in this review. Moreover, we discuss metagenomics as a tool to identify novel proteolytic enzymes, from both cultivable and uncultivable microorganisms, which are expected to have new interesting activities. Finally enzymes for the transformation of whey sugar are reviewed. In this sense, carbozymes with ß-galactosidase activity are capable of lactose hydrolysis, to obtain free monomers, and transgalactosylation for prebiotics production. Key points • Whey can be used to obtain value-added products efficiently through enzymatic treatments • Proteases transform whey proteins into biopeptides with physiological activities • Lactose can be transformed into prebiotic compounds using ß-galactosidases

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Section: Other Value-added Products From Whey: Lactose Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes for production of whey protein hydrolysates and other value-added products

Irazoqui,

Santiago,

Mainez

et al. 2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Lactulose is a disaccharide synthesized from galactose and fructose, which does not exist in nature [ 35 ], and which has received increasing attention for its significant health-promoting effects [ 36 ]. Lactulose can be broken down and utilized by beneficial bacteria in the colon, and is widely added to processed foods as a probiotic [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Immobilization of Lactase and Glucose Isomerase on the Novel g-C3N4/CF Composite Carrier for Lactulose Production

et al. 2022

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The g-C3N4/CF composite carrier was prepared by ultrasound-assisted maceration and high-temperature calcination. The enzyme immobilization using the g-C3N4/CF as the novel carrier to immobilize lactase and glucose isomerase was enhanced for lactulose production. The carbon fiber (CF) was mixed with melamine powder in the mass ratio of 1:8. The g-C3N4/CF composite carrier was obtained by calcination at 550 °C for 3 h. After the analysis of characteristics, the g-C3N4/CF was successfully composited with the carbon nitride and CF, displaying the improvement of co-immobilization efficiency with the positive effects on the stability of the enzyme. The immobilization efficiency of the co-immobilized enzyme was 37% by the novel carrier of g-C3N4/CF, with the enzyme activity of 13.89 U g−1 at 60 °C. The relative activities of co-immobilized enzymes maintained much more steadily at the wider pH and higher temperature than those of the free dual enzymes, respectively. In the multi-batches of lactulose production, the relative conversion rates in enzymes co-immobilized by the composite carrier were higher than that of the free enzymes during the first four batches, as well as maintaining about a 90% relative conversation rate after the sixth batch. This study provides a novel method for the application of g-C3N4/CF in the field of immobilizing enzymes for the production of lactulose.

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Lactulose

Guerrero

Vera²,

Illanes³

2022

Handbook of Food Bioactive Ingredients

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Synthesis of Lactulose in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor With β-Galactosidase of Apergillus oryzae Immobilized in Monofunctional Glyoxyl Agarose Support

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Enzymes for production of whey protein hydrolysates and other value-added products

Enzymes for production of whey protein hydrolysates and other value-added products

Co-Immobilization of Lactase and Glucose Isomerase on the Novel g-C3N4/CF Composite Carrier for Lactulose Production

Lactulose

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