Synthesis of kaliophilite from high calcium fly ash: Effect of alkali concentration

Chen, Xianqi; Chen, Jiyuan; Li, Min; Wang, Jinbang; Zhou, Zhen; Du, Peng; Zhang, Xiuzhi

doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01542

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…3. Peaks corresponding to hexagonal kaliophilite (Chen et al, 2022;Mahloujifar & Mansournia, 2018;Smith & Tuttle, 1957;J. Wang et al, 2023) are present at approximately 24.74°, 26.35°, 34°, 40.55°, 48.01°, and 50.1° 2q (Figs.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The broad bands at 3413 and 1640 cm -1 indicate absorbed water (Mahloujifar & Mansournia, 2018), while the band at 1120 cm -1 represents the transformation from the amorphous phase to kaliophilite (Mahloujifar & Mansournia, 2018). Additionally, the main bands of kaliophilite appear at 973, 690, and 607 cm -1 (Chen et al, 2022), showing a significant shift in the vibrations of the antisymmetric stretching Si-O-T (T: Si or Al) bonds, which in kaolinite are located at 1020 cm -1 and shift to 973 cm -1 upon the formation of kaliophilite (Esaifan et al, 2016). The bands at 690 and 607 cm -1 indicate the formation of characteristic six-membered rings of kaliophilite (Chen et al, 2022), corresponding to symmetric stretching vibrations of the Si (Al)-O bond (He et al, 2019).…”

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ft-ir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Okamoto, in 1997, refined its structure, noting its hexagonal symmetry (P63mc) with a = 5.17 and c = 8.49 Å. Kaliophilite has been synthesized by several researchers mainly using hydrothermal and fusion methods. The hydrothermal method has been successfully employed to produce kaliophilite from fly ash raw material such as the works of He et al (2019) and Chen et al (2022). He et al (2019) synthesized kaliophilite catalysts for biodiesel production using the hydrothermal method, mixing ash with KOH at 80°C and subsequently treating the sample in an autoclave at 180°C for 24 hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kaliophilite synthesized showed a high crystallinity and purity. Later, Chen et al (2022) examined the effect of alkali concentration in the synthesis of kaliophilite from fly ash with high calcium content using the hydrothermal method. Mixtures of ash with different concentrations of KOH were cured at 8°C for 24 hours, followed by treatment in an autoclave at 180°C for 48 hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of kaliophilite by alkaline fusion and ultrasonic treatment method from kaolin raw material

Aristeo Domínguez,

Vargas Ramírez,

Herrera González

et al. 2024

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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Mexico has important kaolin deposits, which must be assessed to obtain products with a high commercial value, such as kaliophilite as raw material for biodiesel production. Two kaolins, A and B, with approximate SiO2:Al2O3 ratios of 1 and 1.2, respectively, were used as raw materials to produce kaliophilite. Both kaolins were obtained from the municipality of Agua Blanca in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico. Kaolins are a source of Al and Si for the synthesis of kaliophilite through an alkali fusion process at 700 °C followed by ultrasonic treatment at 28 kHz to different times and for Kaolin-KOH ratios of 1:1 and 1:1.2 (mass: mass). The kaolins as received and the alkaline mixtures heat and ultrasonically treated were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The most suitable kaolin for synthesizing kaliophilite was kaolin A with the Si/Al mass ratio of approximately 1, which exhibited a higher crystallinity index range from 54 to 79.6%. Higher KOH concentrations promote the amorphous material formation decreasing the kaliophilite amount. The crystallinity index was increased when the time of ultrasonic treatment was increased.

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Section: X-ray Diffraction (Xrd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (Ft-ir)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Synthesis of kaliophilite by alkaline fusion and ultrasonic treatment method from kaolin raw material

Aristeo Domínguez,

Vargas Ramírez,

Herrera González

et al. 2024

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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“…The utility of fly ash for the suppression of expansive alkali‐aggregate reactions (AAR) has been widely studied and is well understood. Recommendations covering the use of fly ash for this purpose are provided in several standards 2–4 yet this application continues to be a popular topic for current research 5,6 . This study is no exception and, while adding to the long list of examples of the implementation of fly ash in concrete, provides a detailed examination of the mechanism behind one of the physical manifestations of AAR, namely darkened reaction rims on reacted aggregates 7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The dam that fly ash built

Montgomery,

Kasaniya,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Journal of Microscopy

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When the first concrete was poured in 1949 for the Hungry Horse Dam (Montana, USA), pozzolan cements had already been used in several major North American dams, including Grand Coulee on the Columbia River (diatomaceous earth explored but ultimately not used), Friant on the San Joaquin River and Altus on the North Fork Red River (pumicite) and Bonneville on the Columbia River and Davis on the Colorado River (calcined clay). But Hungry Horse Dam stands out as the first dam constructed using coal combustion fly ash. Utilising 2.4 million cubic metres of concrete, the dam is located on the South Fork Flathead River, one of the tributaries feeding one of the nation's major waterways, the Columbia River, and closely related to the adjacent Glacier National Park. In this respect, Hungry Horse is directly connected to two momentous periods in modern history – the massive adoption in the 1950s of coal as fuel for power plants, and the ongoing threats to fresh water supply and the rapid retreat of alpine glaciers due to global warming. Two concrete cores from this dam, one with fly ash and one without fly ash, are examined microscopically to explore the long‐term suppression of alkali‐aggregate reaction by fly ash. The core without fly ash exhibits clear evidence of alkali‐aggregate reaction, manifested by sandstone coarse aggregate particles with darkened reaction rims. Sandstone coarse aggregate particles of the same lithology in the core with fly ash are without signs of alkali‐aggregate reaction. A detailed examination of the darkened rims indicates that alkali‐silica reaction products fill the narrow gaps between adjacent sand grains in the sandstone. This alkali‐silica gel infilling allows for optical continuity between adjacent sand grains and is responsible for the classic darkened rim associated with the alkali‐aggregate reaction.

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Hydrothermal Synthesis of Analcime from Construction Waste Bricks and Its Adsorption Mechanism for Pb2+

Zhou,

Zhang,

Shi

et al. 2024

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Synthesis of kaliophilite from high calcium fly ash: Effect of alkali concentration

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Synthesis of kaliophilite by alkaline fusion and ultrasonic treatment method from kaolin raw material

Synthesis of kaliophilite by alkaline fusion and ultrasonic treatment method from kaolin raw material

The dam that fly ash built

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Analcime from Construction Waste Bricks and Its Adsorption Mechanism for Pb2+

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