Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Isobutanol

Abstract

Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation in isobutanol with sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide. The isobutanol played a role of a surfactant in the synthesis. The nanoparticles were calcined for 100 min to 5 hours in the range of 300 to 600°C. The characterization of the samples by FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) confirmed the formation ofγ-Fe2O3(maghemite) from Fe3O4(magnetite) at calcination at 300°C. The morphology and particle size were studied by SEM (scanning electron microscope). Nanoparticles in the range of 11–22 nm prepared at 0.09 M of ferrous chloride exhibited superparamagnetic properties. Nanoparticles synthesized with ferrous chloride and ammonium hydroxide at 75°C and calcined at 530°C for 2 h wereα-Fe2O3(hematite).

Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor-Based Fe2O3@MWCNTs for Ivabradine Drug Determination in Pharmaceutical Formulation, Serum, and Urine Samples

“…One of these cost-effective methods is the preparation of the graphene oxide (GO) using the Hummer method and its modifications ( Hummers and Offeman, 1958 ; Yu et al, 2016 ; Zaaba et al, 2017 ) and preparation of other carbonaceous NP materials such as graphene (Gr), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and MWCNTs ( Baptista et al, 2015 ; Barhoum et al, 2018b ; Karatutlu et al, 2018 ; Prasad et al, 2018 ; Haichao et al, 2019 ). Concerning metal oxide NPs, iron oxide NPs can be prepared very easily with a very cheap method resulting in the oxide of different properties ( Woo et al, 2004 ; Kostyukova and Chung, 2016 ). Surface modification of MWCNTs and graphene with metals and metal oxide NPs increases the number of receptor sites needed for biorecognition and accordingly increases the sensor’s affinity to interact specifically with the target analytes, with higher sensitivity ( Hummers and Offeman, 1958 ).…”

μ-Oxo-bridged iron(iii) complexes for the selective reduction of aromatic ketones catalyzed through base promoted in situ nanoparticle formation

“…4). Also according to Noyori's mechanism 22 during the formation of the in situ metal hydride, acetone could be generated even in the absence of substrate and therefore the formation of isopropylideneacetone (Fig. 4) further supports the possibility of generation of the in situ metal hydride intermediate for this catalytic conversion.…”

“…In order to explore the possible mechanism, the formation of acetone (by-product) was established which could support the formation of a metal hydride intermediate. 22 Complex 1 and sodium hydroxide with i-PrOH in the absence of a substrate were mixed and analyzed through GC-MS. Unfortunately, we are unable to isolate the metal hydride intermediate as well as the exact absolute quantification of acetone was also not achieved; however, GC-MS analysis showed the formation of isopropylideneacetone, i.e.…”

New Fe2O3 Nanoparticles Modified Carbon Paste Electrode: A Cyclic Voltammetric Study Abstract

“…The high surface area of iron oxide NPs suggests increased reactivity [32]. The iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate powder was dissolved in 10 mL distilled water, and 35 mL iso-butanol was added.…”

“…A cyclic voltammetry that can be reversed in a pinch. These parameters were obtained after observing that the curve had shifted upward and the slope had increased, indicating that reaction tacking was occurring on the electrode surface, where the temperature increased while the solvent temperature stayed constant [32,34]. We found the scan rate rose, the beaks shifted to the negative side, indicating a clear signal using a carbon past electrode (working electrode) covered with Fe3O4 nanoparticles.…”