Synthesis of Indoleacetic Acids

Abstract

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A Thermodynamic Property Model for the Binary Mixture of Methane and Hydrogen Sulfide

“…(7) and (8), where v c,12 is given in Eq. (9) with the adjustable parameter ξ 12 . v c,i denotes the critical molar volume of pure component i. k 12 and ξ 12 are based on experimental data.…”

“…In 1957, Robinson and Bailey [12] measured VLE data for the ternary mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide at 311 K. In addition, they reported 3 points of (T , P , x, y) VLE data. Robinson et al [14] measured VLE data for the same ternary mixture at 278 and 344 K in 1959 and reported 5 points of (T , P , x, y) VLE data.…”

“…The upper and lower figures are shown as a function of pressure and temperature. At the dew points, the model represents [12], (×) Kohn and Kurata [4], ( ) Kohn and Kurata [13], (+) Robinson et al [14], ( ) Yarym-Agaev et al [15]. most of the VLE data of Reamer et al [3] and those of Kohn and Kurata [4] within ±0.03 mole fraction.…”

“…For the 189 K isotherm, the VLE is shown in the low-pressure region below the pressure of the VLLE state. LLE appears above the pressure of the VLLE [12], (×) Kohn and Kurata [4], ( ) Kohn and Kurata [13], (+) Robinson et al [14], ( ) Yarym-Agaev et al [15]. state.…”

Synthesis of the Indole Nucleus

“…135 If diethylene glycol is used as the heating medium, along with one or two equivalents of quinoline, isolation of the product is facilitated because the decarboxylated product is more readily extracted from the tarry residues.136 A hot solution of quinoline containing cupric oxide has provided 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-nitroindoles in yields of 51, 71, 38, and 78%, respectively, from the corresponding nitroindole-2-carboxylic acid.128 Copper powder in hot quinaldine readily decarboxylates 5,6-dialkoxy- these conditions$12 whereas only tar is obtained if boiling quinoline and copper bronze are 6-Dimethylaminoindole-2-carboxylic acid, when heated in glycerol, is converted to 6-dimethylaminoindole in 88.5 % yield,431 but quinaldine and copper powder is reported to be a better system for the decarboxylation of 4-, 5-, and 6-benzyloxyindole-2-carboxylic acid4,' than is hot glycerol.427 Merely heating the acid above its melting point is quite satisfactory in a number of cases. Molecules which are sensitive to high temperatures and to the more vigorous conditions of hot quinoline, are apparently more advantageously decarboxylated by heating them to or slightly above their melting point.…”