Synthesis ofn-Butylamine from Butyronitrile on Ni/SiO₂: Effect of Solvent

Communication—Ultra-Small NiO Nanoparticles Grown by Low-Temperature Process for Electrochemical Application

“…7,8 Apart from other toxic chemicals, the n-butylamine is widely used in food additives, medical and textile industries. 9,10 The toxicity of n-butylamine causes major health issues to humans such as severe eye burns that may result in corneal injury, skin ulcers and irritation in the respiratory tract if people are directly exposed to n-butylamine vapor even at low concentrations. 9,11 Therefore, the effective and selective detection of n-butylamine from the environment is highly important.…”

Selective Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitriles to Primary Amines

“…In an attempt to reduce the formation of by-products, Ni/SiO 2 , Co/SiO 2 , Ru/SiO 2 (the latter two will be discussed in Sections 2.2 and 3.2) catalysts were tested to optimize the reaction conditions (solvents, temperature, pressure). The highest selectivity to butylamine (84%) was achieved in ethanol ( Table 2, entry 1), while using benzene, toluene or cyclohexane the primary amine selectivity significantly decreased to 63-39% ( Table 2, entries 2-4) [28]. These results suggest that using a protic solvent influences the strength of the solvent-butylamine interaction in the liquid phase, which positively affects the selectivity of primary amine over Ni/SiO 2 .…”

“…Nickel is a typically applied catalyst in the hydrogenation of nitriles in different forms, such as Raney-type one [10-14, 16-18, 24, 25], supported on silica [7,[26][27][28][29][30], alumina [31][32][33][34] or sepiolite [35], as well as NiAl alloy [36], Ni nanoparticles [37][38][39] or Ni 2 P [40].…”

Chemoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated nitriles to unsaturated primary amines: Conversion of cinnamonitrile on metal-supported catalysts

“…Previous works have reported that C C bonds are more reactive to hydrogenation than the nitrile groups [4,5] and therefore selective C≡N hydrogenation in presence of double bonds is difficult to achieve, in particular when both unsaturated groups are conjugated or in close proximity [6]. Most of the few papers dealing with the hydrogenation of unsaturated nitriles on solid catalysts have been carried out on Ni and Co-based catalysts [4,5,7,8], probably because both metals are highly active and selective to obtain saturated primary amines from the corresponding saturated nitrile [9][10][11]. However, in the case of unsaturated nitriles, Raney Ni and Co catalysts promote the preferential hydrogenation to the corresponding saturated nitrile rather than to the unsaturated primary amine [3].…”