“…The characteristic absorption bands of APP at 3400-3000, 1430, 1242, 1072, 1016, and 877 cm −1 are ascribed to -NH 4 + , -NH 4 + , P=O, PO (symmetric stretching), PO 2 , and POP/PO (asymmetric stretching), respectively [12]. The characteristic absorption bands observed at 3500-3300, 1620, 1430, 1378, 1160, 1079, and 1032 cm −1 for CS are ascribed to -OH and -NH 2 , C=O, O-H, (CN, amide), (CO, bridge oxygen), (COC component), and (COC component), respectively [13][14][15]. The FTIR spectrum of APP-CS showed no apparent differences as compared with that of APP.…”