Synthesis of high fatty acid starch esters with 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride as a reaction medium

Abstract

In this work, high fatty acid esters of corn starch were synthesized by reacting the starch with fatty acid methyl ester using 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) ionic liquid (IL) as reaction media. The effect of reaction variables such as the catalyst amount, molar ratio of fatty acid methyl ester/anhydroglucose unit (AGU) in starch, pyridine/AGU molar ratio, reaction temperature, as well as reaction time on the degree of substitution (DS) of starch esters was investigated. The experimental results showed that the DS value of the obtained starch esters could be varied depending on the process conditions. In the optimum reaction condition, the achieved maximum DS of starch laurate and starch stearate was 0.37 and 0.28, respectively, at a reaction temperature of 110°C for starch laurate and 120°C for starch stearate for a reaction duration of 2 h. Furthermore, the starch esters were characterized by FTIR, SEM, and X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) techniques, respectively. Results from FT‐IR spectroscopy suggested that the hydroxyl groups in the starch molecules were converted into ester groups. SEM and XRD studies showed that the morphology and crystallinity of starch esters were disrupted largely in the IL medium under the reaction conditions.

A review of bioactive plant polysaccharides: Biological activities, functionalization, and biomedical applications

“…Starch esters are generally prepared by reacting with fatty acid chlorides, fatty acid vinyl esters, carboxylic acids, and fatty acid methyl ester in organic solvents such as pyridine, toluene, DMSO, and DMAc/LiCl (Grote & Heinze, 2005;Xie & Wang, 2011). Starch esters have been developed for pharmaceutical applications, e.g.…”

Enzymatic synthesis of epoxy fatty acid starch ester in ionic liquid–organic solvent mixture from vernonia oil

“…Starch is an abundant, relatively cheap, non‐toxic, and renewable natural resource that can be further modified . Native starches are readily available from diverse origins including maize, potato, cassava, and rice.…”

“…Native starches are readily available from diverse origins including maize, potato, cassava, and rice. The common areas where processed starches find wide application include the food industry, pharmaceutical excipients and additives, textiles, paper, and packaging . However, the highly hydrophilic nature, and poor mechanical properties has hindered its wide application .…”

Preparation and Characterization of Amphiphilic Composites Made with Double‐Modified (Etherified and Esterified) Potato Starches

“…The determination of starch esters level of modified CMS was done by titrimetric method described by Xie, Wenlei and Wang, Yingbin . The degree of substitution was 0.164 ± 0.02 measured by titration.…”