Synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Platycodon grandiflorum extract and its antipathogenic activity under optimal conditions

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles have many applications in the biomedical field, mainly for drug delivery, cancer therapy, and detection of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, gold nanoparticles synthesized using Platycodon grandiflorum (Balloon flower plant) extracts were evaluated for their antibacterial potential. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized at 20–50°C using different volumes of the leaf extract. Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles was confirmed by ultraviolet–visible spectral absorption at 545 nm by surface plasmon resonance. The morphology and size of the P. grandiflorum gold nanoparticles were further characterized as spherical in shape with an average size of 15 nm in diameter by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis clearly displayed the presence of gold particles. The structural analysis results with face central cubic crystalline nature and elemental composition, including gold, were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. In addition, Fourier transform infrared results identified the functional group in P. grandiflorum that is involved in the reduction of metal ions to gold nanoparticles. The synthesized P. grandiflorum gold nanoparticles exhibited efficient antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (16 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (11 mm). This report confirms the synthesis of gold nanoparticle from balloon flower plant extracts, which can be used as a reducing and stabilizing agent and demonstrates its antibacterial applications.

Antibacterial activity of metallic-core gold and silver nanoparticles against some animal pathogens

“…According to Nagar et al (2016), while bio-surfactants used to synthesize AgNPs alter the pH value and decrease their size (60 nm), nanoparticles are uniform at pH 9. Our findings are in mark with the results of Anbu et al (2020), who stated that AuNPs have a size of 500 nm.…”

Characterization and Therapeutic Applications of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Cassia auriculate Flower Extract

“…XRD was used to examine the crystalline structure and purity of the biosynthesized Ca-AgNPs. The atoms place themselves at an appropriate distance on the crystalline plane and show a form of diffraction [ 41 ]. The experiment was carried out on an X-ray diffractometer (DMAX-2500 XRD) (Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) using a Nickel filter and Cu Kα (1.540 A°) radiation on 40 kV and 30 mA, and a perusing assortment used between 30 and 80°.…”

Electrochemical Properties of Phytosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles for Electrosensing

“…The findings show that the size of nanoparticles is affected by the conditions of “green synthesis”, such as concentration and volume of the precursor; aliquot of plant extract; the temperature of synthesis; and pH of the reaction mixture [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Thus, a higher temperature results in the formation of smaller nanoparticles and higher formation rate [ 29 ]. Another factor that affects the kinetics of synthesis, the size of the resulting phytonanoparticles, and their stability is the antioxidant activity (AOA) of the plant extract and the reaction mixture during phytosynthesis [ 30 ].…”