Synthesis of Gd-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under mild condition and their photocatalytic activity

Xu, Jun; Ao, Yanhui; Fu, Degang; Chen, Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.10.017

Cited by 121 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Many methods have been employed to control the bulk crystal phases of TiO 2 [20][21][22][23]. It is known that the phase compositions of TiO 2 can be modified by preparation techniques, thermal treatments and through the metal ion doping method [24][25][26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution of TiO2 with tuned surface crystalline phase

Zhang

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2013

Applied Surface Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution of TiO2 with tuned surface crystalline phase

Zhang

Shi

Zhao

et al. 2013

Applied Surface Science

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“…Although the earlier reports explained the advantages of Gd doped TiO 2 in modifying the TiO 2 bandgap and promoting photocatalytic activity, 27,33 the generic mechanism of PEC hydrogen generation in electrode form is not yet explored. In addition, most of the RE doped TiO 2 were studied in suspended photocatalysis type which limits the further development in large-scale fuel production.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting at Hierarchical Gd³⁺:TiO₂Nanostructures through Amplifying Light Reception and Surface States Passivation

Sudhagar

Devadoss

Nakata

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The influence of rare earth gadolinium (Gd 3+ ) ion doping on optical and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO 2 is studied. The hierarchical clump-type TiO 2 nanostructure was fabricated using poly-vinyl acetate as soft-template. The optical absorbance quantity of TiO 2 was strikingly promoted at bandgap energy region (380 nm) by Gd 3+ doping, as well as it extend a wide absorbance in visible wavelength region (400 -800 nm) elucidating the sub-bandgap formation. As a result, Gd 3+ :TiO 2 exhibits high photocurrent density than undoped TiO 2 in photoelectrocatalytic experiments. Another plausible reason for enhancing the photocurrent density at Gd 3+ :TiO 2 was analyzed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The underlying mechanism of surface states controlled charge transfer at TiO 2 /electrolyte interfaces affected the photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen fuel generation, and compete with Gd 3+ ion doping through bottlenecking of photoelectrons trapping at surface states. The improved charge separation (e − /h + ) at Gd 3+ :TiO 2 result effective photoelectron collection and thus yield 180 % higher hydrogen gas (∼ 2.34 mL.h −1 .cm −2 ) generation compare to pristine TiO 2 (1.28 mL.h −1 .cm −2 ) under UV light irradiation. The improved optical and charge transfer characteristics of hierarchical TiO 2 by Gd 3+ ions can be implemented to wide range of other metal oxide based photocatalytic fuel generation. The photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) water oxidation phenomenon configured with light and semiconductor opens new pathways in cost-effective fuel generation (hydrogen and oxygen) using water as feed stock.1 Merits counting the zero-emission of harmful CO 2 into environment, 2 possibility of beneficial simultaneous process of pollutant treatment, 3,4 and/or biomass reformation toward hydrogen fuel generation foster PEC water oxidation as an emerging technology in green energy fuels. Nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is one of the most studied candidates in PEC applications including fuel generation, 5-7 organic pollutant degradation, 8,9 photoelectrochemical biosensors, 10,11 photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings 12,13 and antimicrobial coatings.14 The clean fuel generation from photoelectrolysis of water using TiO 2 mesoporous electrodes received much attention, despite its bandgap (3.2 eV) lies in UV region, due to the appreciable chemical stability and environmentally begin nature. One of the approaches to promote PEC performance of TiO 2 in solar to fuel generation is extending the visible light activity of TiO 2 by bandgap modification through doping with metal ions (Fe,15 21 or inducing defects in crystallite lattice. 22,23 However the doping material perhaps shift the TiO 2 valence band more negative than the water oxidation potential 1.2 V vs RHE, which in turn might affect the PEC water oxidation rates. 24The lanthanide (Ln) rare earth ion (RE) doping at TiO 2 matrix is an alternative approach to enhance the light reception at TiO 2 . Furthermore, RE ions doping can alter the bandgap structure o...

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“…In addition, high recombination rate of photoinduced hole-electron pairs is another factor limiting its practical applications. As a result, abundant efforts have been devoted to advance TiO 2 through structural modifications with metallic [4,5], nonmetallic elements [6,7], and other semiconductors [8,9], aiming to produce photocatalysts with both merits of visible light response and efficient separation of hole-electron pairs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of exfoliated g-C3N4–TiO2 hybrids

Chang

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2014

Applied Surface Science

188

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a b s t r a c tA series of TiO 2 hybrids composited with exfoliated g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets (CNs) were successfully synthesized through a facile sol-gel method and fully characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS). The CNs-TiO 2 hybrids were exposed to visible light irradiation and showed much higher catalytic capability toward degrading dye rhodamine B (RhB) comparing with bare TiO 2 and N-TiO 2 . The sample CNs-TiO 2 -0.05 exhibited the largest apparent reaction rate constant among all CNs-TiO 2 hybrids, which was 2.4 times and 7.0 times as high as bare TiO 2 and N-TiO 2 , respectively. The enhanced catalytic efficiency could be mainly attributed to the well-matched band gap structure with heterojunction interface, suitable specific surface area, and favorable optical property. In addition, active species trapping experiments were conducted, revealing that photoinduced holes (h + ) had a severe influence on catalytic outcome, through which a possible catalytic mechanism was finally realized and proposed.

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Synthesis of Gd-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under mild condition and their photocatalytic activity

Cited by 121 publications

References 24 publications

Photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution of TiO2 with tuned surface crystalline phase

Photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution of TiO2 with tuned surface crystalline phase

Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting at Hierarchical Gd³⁺:TiO₂Nanostructures through Amplifying Light Reception and Surface States Passivation

Fabrication, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of exfoliated g-C3N4–TiO2 hybrids

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Synthesis of Gd-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under mild condition and their photocatalytic activity

Cited by 121 publications

References 24 publications

Photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution of TiO2 with tuned surface crystalline phase

Photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution of TiO2 with tuned surface crystalline phase

Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting at Hierarchical Gd3+:TiO2Nanostructures through Amplifying Light Reception and Surface States Passivation

Fabrication, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of exfoliated g-C3N4–TiO2 hybrids

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About

Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting at Hierarchical Gd³⁺:TiO₂Nanostructures through Amplifying Light Reception and Surface States Passivation