Synthesis of Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelets Through Oxidative Chlorophosphorylation: Technical Note

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the investigation of functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (FGNPs) samples. Synthesis of FGNPs was carried out through oxidative chlorophosphorylation (OxCh) reaction, i.e. reaction of graphite with PCl3 in the presence of oxygen under different conditions. For this, the reaction of graphite with PCl3 in the presence of oxygen was carried out separately both at a temperature of 65∘C and at room temperature in a CCl4 medium and at a temperature of 65∘C in a CCl4 medium. The FGNPs samples obtained by this method were named FGNPs1, FGNPs2, and FGNPs3, respectively. FGNPs1, FGNPs2, and FGNPs3 were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Visible) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis methods. The results of FTIR spectroscopy showed that all FGNPs samples contain phosphonate groups. Based on the UV–Vis spectroscopy, the optical band gap of the samples was calculated and compared with pristine graphite. It has been established that the width of the optical bands of FGNPs1 (1.17[Formula: see text]eV), FGNPs2 (1.22[Formula: see text]eV), and FGNPs3 (1.24[Formula: see text]eV) is wider than that of the pristine graphite (1.04[Formula: see text]eV). Based on the XRD analysis, it was determined that the functionalization causes a change in the crystal lattice parameters of graphite. Based on the XRD analysis, it was determined that the functionalization causes a change in the crystal lattice parameters of graphite and FGNPs samples (number of graphene layers: [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]) to consist of fewer graphene layers than graphite ([Formula: see text]).