Synthesis of folic acid, histidine, and serine-functionalized and boron and phosphorus-doped graphene quantum dots with excellent yellow luminescence behavior in aqueous/solid states and their use for the fluorescence detection of Fe²⁺ in urine

Abstract

Low luminous efficiency at visible light excitation restricts many applications of graphene quantum dot in bioanalysis, bioimaging and light-emitting diode. The paper reports synthesis of folic acid, histidine and serine-functionalized...