Synthesis of Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters: Introducing Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches to Nanochemistry in a Single Laboratory Class

Zhu, Lin; Gharib, Mustafa; Becker, Charline; Zeng, Yuan; Ziefuß, Anna Rosa; Chen, Lizhen; Alkilany, Alaaldin M.; Rehbock, Christoph; Barcikowski, Stephan; Parak, Wolfgang J.; Chakraborty, Indranath

doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00342

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Ultrasmall nanoparticles of silver have been studied to a much lesser extent than with gold, although a number of robust syntheses have been reported. ,,− Ultrasmall gold–silver alloys have also been prepared. − Silver nanoparticles are well-known for their interesting properties in heterogeneous catalysis, , photonics, − biomedicine, , and energy storage and conversion . Silver is of particular interest due to its antibacterial action .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Ligand Interface and Internal Structure of Ultrasmall Silver Nanoparticles (2 nm)

et al. 2021

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Ultrasmall silver nanoparticles were prepared by reduction with NaBH4 and surface-terminated with glutathione (GSH). The particles had a solid core diameter of 2 nm as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). NMR-DOSY gave a hydrodynamic diameter of 2 to 2.8 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that silver is bound to the thiol group of the central cysteine in glutathione under partial oxidation to silver(+I). In turn, the thiol group is deprotonated to thiolate. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) together with Rietveld refinement confirmed a twinned (polycrystalline) fcc structure of ultrasmall silver nanoparticles with a lattice compression of about 0.9% compared to bulk silver metal. By NMR spectroscopy, the interaction between the glutathione ligand and the silver surface was analyzed, also with 13C-labeled glutathione. The adsorbed glutathione is fully intact and binds to the silver surface via cysteine. In situ 1H NMR spectroscopy up to 85 °C in dispersion showed that the glutathione ligand did not detach from the surface of the silver nanoparticle, i.e. the silver–sulfur bond is remarkably strong. The ultrasmall nanoparticles had a higher cytotoxicity than bigger particles in in vitro cell culture with HeLa cells with a cytotoxic concentration of about 1 μg mL–1 after 24 h incubation. The overall stoichiometry of the nanoparticles was about Ag∼250GSH∼155.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal–Ligand Interface and Internal Structure of Ultrasmall Silver Nanoparticles (2 nm)

et al. 2021

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“…Later, in 2012, Muhammed and coworkers have explained the growth process of such fluorescent AgNCs through a kinetic model. [ 69 ] In our recent report, [ 70 ] different stages of the formation mechanism of such DHLA‐protected Ag NCs are explained step by step (Figure 8A‐B). In this study, we illustrated that the synthesis pathway of the Ag 29 (DHLA) 12 NCs, which were first reported by Adhikari and Banerjee, [ 68 ] can be divided into four stages.…”

Section: Different Synthesis Routes Of Ncsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…B, photographs show the evolution of the Ag 29 (DHLA) 12 NCs over time. Taken from ref., [ 70 ] Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc. C, Mass spectra of Ag NCs at various times after NaBH 4 addition. The ion signals of Ag 29 (LA) 12 3– are marked in blue; those of the other observed clusters in red and yellow.…”

Section: Different Synthesis Routes Of Ncsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic insights and selected synthetic routes of atomically precise metal nanoclusters

et al. 2021

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During the last few decades, noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) have become an exciting building block in the field of nanoscience. With their ultrasmall size that ranges between 1 and 2 nm, NCs fill the gap between atoms and nanoparticles (NPs), and they show significantly different physicochemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts, such as molecule‐like HOMO‐LUMO discrete electronic transitions, photoluminescence, etc. These properties made NCs potential candidates in various applications, including catalysis, chemical/bioimaging, biomedicine, sensing, and energy conversion. Controlling the size of NPs, which usually exhibit a degree of polydispersity, has been a significant challenge for nano‐scientists. However, metal NCs with atomic precision pave the way to accurately fabricate NPs based on an atom‐by‐atom assembly. This Perspective is directed to the community of nano‐scientists interested in the field of NCs and summarizes the most commonly used synthetic routes of atomically precise metal NCs. Moreover, this Perspective provides an understanding of the different techniques used to control the size of metal NCs with insights on switching the surface ligands from phosphine to thiol. This Perspective also explains the role of physicochemical parameters in different synthetic routes such as high‐temperature route, CO‐directed route, solid‐state route, ligand‐exchange‐induced size/structure transformation (LEIST), etc. We finally give a brief outlook on future challenges of currently used synthetic routes with some suggestions to improve them.

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“…AuNPs can be synthesized using “Top-Down” and “Bottom-Up” strategies, which are two distinct methods ( Man et al, 2018 ; Wahab et al, 2018 ; Zhu et al, 2020 ). Starting with bulk material and breaking it down into nanoparticles using various ways is the top-down strategy to synthesize AuNP.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Aunpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticles Based Optical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarker Proteins: A Review of the Current Practices

Tai

Fan

Ding

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Cancer prognosis depends on the early detection of the disease. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted much importance in biomedical research due to their distinctive optical properties. The AuNPs are easy to fabricate, biocompatible, surface controlled, stable, and have surface plasmonic properties. The AuNPs based optical biosensors can intensely improve the sensitivity, specificity, resolution, penetration depth, contrast, and speed of these devices. The key optical features of the AuNPs based biosensors include localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), SERS, and luminescence. AuNPs based biomarkers have the potential to sense the protein biomarkers at a low detection level. In this review, the fabrication techniques of the AuNPs have been reviewed. The optical biosensors based on LSPR, SERS, and luminescence are also evaluated. The application of these biosensors for cancer protein detection is discussed. Distinct examples of cancer research that have a substantial impact on both scientific and clinical research are presented.

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Synthesis of Fluorescent Silver Nanoclusters: Introducing Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches to Nanochemistry in a Single Laboratory Class

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Metal–Ligand Interface and Internal Structure of Ultrasmall Silver Nanoparticles (2 nm)

Metal–Ligand Interface and Internal Structure of Ultrasmall Silver Nanoparticles (2 nm)

Mechanistic insights and selected synthetic routes of atomically precise metal nanoclusters

Gold Nanoparticles Based Optical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarker Proteins: A Review of the Current Practices

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