Synthesis of Fe2O3 nanowires by oxidation of iron

Fu, Yuzhuo; Chen, Jing; Zhang, Han

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01352-5

Cited by 145 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…[92][93][94][95][96] Due to the increased volume of the oxide over the metal, when foils of iron are thermally oxidized under the right conditions, arrays of Fe 2 O 3 nanowires spontaneously grow from the surface of the foil. With diameters of 20-40 nm and lengths of up to 5 mm (see Figure 5, left) these nanowire arrays would have large surface area, sufficient light absorption and a direct path for the conduction of electrons to the substrate (since basal planes are oriented perpendicular to the substrate [95] ), making them a very attractive morphology for hematite.…”

Section: Fe 2 O 3 Nanowire Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Water Splitting: Progress Using Hematite (α‐Fe₂O₃) Photoelectrodes

2011

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Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells offer the ability to convert electromagnetic energy from our largest renewable source, the Sun, to stored chemical energy through the splitting of water into molecular oxygen and hydrogen. Hematite (α-Fe(2)O(3)) has emerged as a promising photo-electrode material due to its significant light absorption, chemical stability in aqueous environments, and ample abundance. However, its performance as a water-oxidizing photoanode has been crucially limited by poor optoelectronic properties that lead to both low light harvesting efficiencies and a large requisite overpotential for photoassisted water oxidation. Recently, the application of nanostructuring techniques and advanced interfacial engineering has afforded landmark improvements in the performance of hematite photoanodes. In this review, new insights into the basic material properties, the attractive aspects, and the challenges in using hematite for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting are first examined. Next, recent progress enhancing the photocurrent by precise morphology control and reducing the overpotential with surface treatments are critically detailed and compared. The latest efforts using advanced characterization techniques, particularly electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, are finally presented. These methods help to define the obstacles that remain to be surmounted in order to fully exploit the potential of this promising material for solar energy conversion.

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Section: Fe 2 O 3 Nanowire Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Water Splitting: Progress Using Hematite (α‐Fe₂O₃) Photoelectrodes

2011

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“…The hematite (α -Fe 2 O 3 ) with band gap of 2.2 eV is a very attractive material due to their wide application in catalysis, gas sensor, magnetic recording materials, pigments and paints [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Various 1D hematite nanostructures have been synthesized by several physical and chemical methods such as template synthesis method [17], vacuumpyrolysis [18], methods employing polycrystals or single crystals as a growth substrate [19], vapor-solid growth technique [20,21], sol-gel process [22], hydrothermal method [23] and microemulsion method [24]. The physical methods always need expensive equipment and complex procedures, which restrict further development in actual applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of α‐Fe₂O₃ nanorods

Ramesh

Ashok

Bhalero

et al. 2010

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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We report synthesis of α-Fe 2 O 3 (hematite) nanorods by reverse micelles method using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant and calcined at 300 °C. The calcined α-Fe 2 O 3 nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The result showed that the α-Fe 2 O 3 nanorods were hexagonal structure. The nanorods have diameter of 30-50 nm and length of 120-150 nm. The weak ferromagnetic behavior was observed with saturation magnetization = 0.6 emu/g, coercive force = 25 Oe and remanant magnetization = 0.03 emu/g.

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“…1-3 Hematite nanowires have been synthesized by many different techniques including surface oxidation, thermal oxidation and electrochemical deposition. [4][5][6][7] These are generally complex processes taking considerable time (1.5-120 h), needing different gas flows and high temperatures (400-800 • C). Also, these processes typically produce nanowires that are attached to a metallic substrate, and thus subsequent collection for device integration can be challenging.…”

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confidence: 99%

Laser-induced self-assembly of iron oxide nanostructures with controllable dimensionality

Henley

Mollah

Giusca

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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The nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of a fine iron powder submerged under different liquid media (water, methanol, ethanol and isopropanol) is used to rapidly produce a variety of iron oxide nanostructures from nanoparticles to nanowires and nanosheets. The dimensionality of the nanostructres is shown to be a consequence of two controllable mechanisms. The rapid oxidation, collisional quenching and coalescence of the ablation products is suggested as the dominant mechanism for the formation of 0D nanostructures such as hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles in water, or iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles under alcohols. By employing different laser wavelengths (248 and 532nm) it is demonstrated that the growth of extended iron oxyhydroxide nanostructures (1D nanowires and 2D nanosheets) under methanol is possible and is a consequence of a second self-assembly mechanism driven by interaction between the UV laser pulses and the ablation products.Low dimensional iron oxide nanostructures, such as nanoparticles and nanowires are of particular industrial and academic interest, not least because of their magnetic properties. Hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) 1D nanostructures also have applications in lithium ion battery electrodes, gas sensors, field-effect transistors, and field emission cathodes. 1-3 Hematite nanowires have been synthesized by many different techniques including surface oxidation, thermal oxidation and electrochemical deposition. [4][5][6][7] These are generally complex processes taking considerable time (1.5-120 h), needing different gas flows and high temperatures (400-800 • C). Also, these processes typically produce nanowires that are attached to a metallic substrate, and thus subsequent collection for device integration can be challenging. Therefore, a solution based synthesis method to collect nanowires for * Electronic mail: s.henley@surrey.ac.uk † Present address: Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India.1 rapid processing would be of considerable interest. Table 1 shows a comparison of time scales and process temperatures used in selected recent publications detailing iron oxide nanowire synthesis.Rapidly after the invention of the ruby laser in the 1960s, the capability of pulsed lasers to ablate material from the surface of solids was identified. Applications for pulsed laser ablation 8 (PLA) in materials processing and thin film deposition followed swiftly. Traditionally PLA and the subsequent material deposition is performed in vacuum or in dilute gaseous environments. The collisions of energetic ablated atoms with gas molecules in low-pressure gaseous environment, and any subsequent chemical reactions, has been identified a route for synthesizing multicomponent films with controllable stoichiometry. When the ambient gas pressure is increased, such that ablated species are expected to suffer multiple collisions within the reaction chamber, 9,10 the medium can be considered as weakly confining. In such confining environments nanoclusters of the target material ca...

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Synthesis of Fe2O3 nanowires by oxidation of iron

Cited by 145 publications

References 9 publications

Solar Water Splitting: Progress Using Hematite (α‐Fe₂O₃) Photoelectrodes

Solar Water Splitting: Progress Using Hematite (α‐Fe₂O₃) Photoelectrodes

Synthesis and properties of α‐Fe₂O₃ nanorods

Laser-induced self-assembly of iron oxide nanostructures with controllable dimensionality

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Synthesis of Fe2O3 nanowires by oxidation of iron

Cited by 145 publications

References 9 publications

Solar Water Splitting: Progress Using Hematite (α‐Fe2O3) Photoelectrodes

Solar Water Splitting: Progress Using Hematite (α‐Fe2O3) Photoelectrodes

Synthesis and properties of α‐Fe2O3 nanorods

Laser-induced self-assembly of iron oxide nanostructures with controllable dimensionality

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Product

Resources

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Solar Water Splitting: Progress Using Hematite (α‐Fe₂O₃) Photoelectrodes

Solar Water Splitting: Progress Using Hematite (α‐Fe₂O₃) Photoelectrodes

Synthesis and properties of α‐Fe₂O₃ nanorods