Synthesis of Fe–Ni–TiO₂/activated carbon nanoparticles and evaluation of catalytic activity in a palm oil/diesel fuel blended diesel engine and optimization with RSM

Abstract

Although diesel engine emissions, which can pose serious risks to the environment and human health, can be reduced with biodiesel/diesel fuel blends, combining diesel fuel with an oxidation catalyst with a sizable oxygen storage capacity can more effectively reduce emissions from diesel engines. In this study, Fe–Ni–TiO2/Activated Carbon (AC) catalyst was produced and used as an oxidation catalyst. Experimental studies were performed on a four-stroke diesel engine by adding at numerous concentrations (0–50–100 ppm) Fe–Ni–TiO2/AC nanoparticles (NP) to the Palm Oil biodiesel (PO)-diesel fuel blend. Optimum conditions were determined by modelling the obtained data in response surface methodology (RSM). The Fe–Ni–TiO2/AC catalyst outcomes in a considerable decrease in hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke emissions. Optimization outcomes pointed out that the ideal diesel engine running requirements were determined to be 1750 W engine load, 100 ppm the NP amount, and 30% the PO ratio. Responses for these optimum conditions for Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTHE), CO, HC, NOx, and smoke were determined as 999.06 g/kWh, 27.07%, 0.032%, 40.63 ppm, 818.18 ppm, and 4.26%, respectively. The R2 values showed that the result obtained from the created model was in good agreement with the experimental results.

The Effect of Different Mixing Proportions and Different Operating Conditions of Biodiesel Blended Fuel on Emissions and Performance of Compression Ignition Engines

“…In addition, the calorific value of biodiesel is generally lower than that of diesel, and in order to achieve the same power output as diesel, more biodiesel fuel needs to be consumed. At present, in order to improve the above-mentioned drawbacks of biodiesel, methods such as mixing it in proportion to diesel or adding various catalysts are mainly used to improve engine efficiency and reduce emissions [19][20][21].…”