Synthesis of ethyl esters from crude macauba oil (Acrocomia aculeata) for biodiesel production

Souza, Gustavo Henrique de; Scheufele, Fabiano Bisinella; Pasa, Thiago Luiz Belo; Arroyo, Pedro Augusto; Pereira, Nehemias Curvelo

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.10.068

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The oleic and palmitic acids represent on average 60 and 26% of the total oil composition, respectively, and these values are higher than those reported by Coimbra & Jorge () and Souza et al (). Coimbra & Jorge () carried out the extraction of oil from macauba pulp by the Soxhlet method using petroleum ether as the solvent and reported 52 and 24% for oleic acid and palmitic acid, respectively.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 59%

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Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of oil from macauba pulp using alcoholic solvents

Rodrigues¹,

Mello

Garcia³

et al. 2017

J Food Process Engineering

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Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of macauba pulp oil was investigated using ethanol and isopropanol as solvents and compared with the conventional extraction technique. An experimental design was applied to evaluate the influence of the experimental variables (temperature, solvent to pulp ratio, and time) on the oil extraction and to optimize them. The optimum conditions were then evaluated in relation to the extraction kinetics and the effect of the application of ultrasound in the process was determined. For both techniques, higher yields were obtained with the use of ethanol as the solvent. The results showed that increasing the temperature, the amount of solvent used and the extraction time leads to greater oil removal from macauba pulp (p < .05), and the amount of solvent used in the process had the greatest influence. The maximum oil yields obtained by UAE were 49.2 and 38% with ethanol and isopropanol, respectively, obtained at 60 °C, with a 90‐min extraction time and solvent to pulp ratio of 10, which represent ∼86 and ∼77% of the yield obtained by conventional extraction. The UAE provided better yields when compared to the process without ultrasound. The fatty acids composition was not influenced by the extraction method and solvent used; however, UAE provides oils with higher levels of β‐carotene and flavonoids using ethanol and isopropanol, respectively. Practical applications The optimization of UAE for macauba pulp oil extraction is presented in the present study and the results demonstrate the efficiency of the method for obtaining this oil in low extraction time and solvent consumption. The oil obtained by this technique has higher levels of β‐carotene and flavonoids. Additionally, macauba pulp oil obtained using ethanol and isopropanol with solvent may be used as a food, because these solvents are considered of food grade.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…In relation to the composition of the oils obtained using different solvents and extraction methods, there was a predominance of oleic and palmitic acids in the macauba pulp oil, as reported in studies available in the literature (Coimbra & Jorge, ; Hiane et al, ; Silva et al, ; Souza, Scheufele, Pasa, Arroyo, & Pereira, ; Trentini et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of oil from macauba pulp using alcoholic solvents

Rodrigues¹,

Mello

Garcia³

et al. 2017

J Food Process Engineering

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“…methanol, ethanol) has been extensively studied. The transesterification process can usually be catalyzed by a chemical method or an enzymatic method; while the chemical method can be divided into acid or base catalysts, such as sulfuric acid (Souza et al, 2016), chlorhydric acid (Pastore et al, 2015) and sulfonic acid (Alhassan et al, 2015) as acid catalyst, or NaOH (Almeida et al, 2015), KOH (Ullah et al, 2015) and NaOCH 3 (Holser, 2008) as base catalyst. With the aim of green processing in the oleo-industry, the disadvantages of these chemical methods, such as harsh reaction conditions and corrosive catalysts, retarded the development of the oleo industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of epoxidized soybean oil to prepare epoxy methyl esters

Liu

Duan

2018

Grasas y Aceites

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SUMMARY:Epoxidized soybean oil methyl esters could be efficiently prepared with the transesterification of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) with a lower dosage of methanol using lipase Novozym 435 as catalyst. The optimum parameters were as follows: the molar ratio of 5:1 (methanol to ESBO), 5% Novozym 435 as catalyst, at 45 °C for 14 h, with a stirring speed of 600rpm, under which the epoxidized soybean oil methyl esters (ESBOME) could be obtained at a 95.7% yield. During the enzymatic transesterification process, the oxirane oxygen values were kept unchangeable, which indicated that excellent functional group tolerance could be achieved under such mild reaction conditions. In addition, the recyclability of the immobilized enzyme Novozym 435 in this transesterification process was examined and the results showed that the biocatalyst could be reused ten times without losing any reaction activity or selectivity. And the final products of ESBOME were also identified by IR and NMR analysis. The kinetic data obtained followed the Ping-Pong Bi mechanism model (V max = 6.132 mol·L RESUMEN:Transesterificación catalizada por lipasa en aceite de soja epoxidado para preparar epoxi metil ésteres. Los ésteres metílicos de aceites de soja epoxidados pueden prepararse eficientemente mediante la transesterificación del aceite de soja epoxidado (ESBO) con una menor dosificación de metanol utilizando la lipasa Novozym 435 como catalizador. Los parámetros óptimos fueron los siguientes: relación molar 5:1 de metanol:ESBO, 5% de Novozym 435 como catalizador, 45 °C durante 14 h, velocidad de agitación de 600 rpm, bajo la cual los ésteres metílicos de aceites de soja epoxidados (ESBOME) pueden obtenerse con un rendimiento del 95,7%. Durante el proceso de transesterificación enzimática, los valores de oxígeno de oxirano se mantuvieron inalterables, lo que indicó que se logra una excelente estabilidad del grupo funcional en tales condiciones de reacción suaves. Además, se examinó la reciclabilidad de la enzima inmovilizada Novozym 435 en este proceso de transesterificación y los resultados mostraron que el biocatalizador podría reutilizarse durante diez veces sin perder ninguna actividad de reacción o selectividad. Los productos finales de ESBOME se identificaron por IR y análisis de RMN. Los datos cinéticos obtenidos siguieron el modelo de mecanismo Ping-Pong Bi (V max = 6,132 mol·L

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“…It is highly productive and adapted to semiarid ecosystems. The oil of macauba may be used to produce biodiesel, cosmetics, and foods (Coimbra and Jorge, 2012;Souza et al, 2016). During the process of oil extraction by hydraulic pressing, large quantities of biomass residue are generated, representing 500 g/kg of the processed fruit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of macauba cake on profile of rumen protozoa of lambs

et al. 2017

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-The present study was conducted to determine the effects of the inclusion of macauba cake, from biodiesel processing, on profile of rumen protozoa of Santa Ines lambs. Twenty-four lambs were randomized in block design supplemented with macauba cake at 0, 100, 200, and 300 g/kg of dry weight of the diet. Concentrations of small, medium, and large protozoa had quadratic relationships with inclusion of macauba cake, with maximum protozoa occurring at 100 g/kg. High genus diversity occurred in rumen fluid of lambs that did not feed macauba cake, comprising 13 protozoa genera. However, only the genera Isotricha, Charonina, Entodinium, Diplodinium, Eodinium, Diploplastron, and Polyplastron were detected in lambs fed 300 g/kg macauba cake, indicating that these protozoa were resistant to the effects of the cake. Addition of macauba cake levels greater than 100 g/kg show antiprotozoal effect in the rumen.

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Synthesis of ethyl esters from crude macauba oil (Acrocomia aculeata) for biodiesel production

Cited by 52 publications

References 28 publications

Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of oil from macauba pulp using alcoholic solvents

Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of oil from macauba pulp using alcoholic solvents

Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of epoxidized soybean oil to prepare epoxy methyl esters

Effects of macauba cake on profile of rumen protozoa of lambs

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