Synthesis of epoxy–clay nanocomposites. Influence of the nature of the curing agent on structure

Kornmann, Xavier; Lindberg, Henrik; Berglund, Lars A.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00801-6

Cited by 400 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…With the same premixing method, the intensity of the XRD peak is lower for curing at 1208C than for curing at room temperature. This can be explained by the fact that when the temperature increases, the mobility of epoxy and hardener molecules increases and because of this, they can diffuse more easily into the clay galleries and further intercalate or exfoliate the clay [4,12]. A similar effect can be seen here on the intercalation/exfoliation of clay in the epoxy matrix when high temperature and high speed are used in the premixing step.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…So far, the results from XRD, SEM, and TEM combine to indicate that with high speed and temperature assistance, one can obtain a fine dispersion at the micro-scale, good distribution of clay, and good intercalation/exfoliation of clay in the epoxy system. Kornmann et al [3,4] also obtained an intercalated/ exfoliated structure for epoxy nanocomposites, but the clay particles were not uniform and homogeneously distributed in the matrix, and a substantial number of large clay aggregates remained. Good intercalation and good dispersion have also been obtained by using a three-roll mill to disperse the clay nanoparticles, as reported by Yasmin et al [6].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dispersion process parameters mainly include premixing temperature, mixing speed and time, power of ultrasonic tooling, shearing forces, etc. Direct mixing of organoclay and epoxy with mechanical mixing and sonication is widely used to disperse nanoclay in epoxy [1][2][3][4][5]. However, it is not enough to produce a high degree of dispersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and properties of epoxy nanocomposites. I. The effect of premixing on dispersion of organoclay

Ngo¹,

Ton‐That

Hoa³

et al. 2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The objective of this work was to systematically study the effect of the conditions of shear and temperature used to premix nanoclay with epoxy resin on the dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of the nanoclay in the resulting epoxy nanocomposites. The different mixing approaches used were hand stirring, conventional mechanical stirring, a high-speed homogenizer, and a microfluidizer. The quality of dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of the organoclay in the epoxy resin was analyzed after premixing (before adding hardener) by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and rheological measurements. Nanocomposites obtained after adding hardener and curing were characterized by means of XRD, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and image analysis. Both the premixing and curing steps were found to play a determining role in the dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of organoclay. Increased intercalation and exfoliation can take place during curing, with the extent depending on the curing rate. Although full exfoliation of clay cannot be achieved at the premixing stage, this step appears to be very important in controlling the micro-dispersion and thus affecting the further intercalation and exfoliation that take place during the curing step.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and properties of epoxy nanocomposites. I. The effect of premixing on dispersion of organoclay

Ngo¹,

Ton‐That

Hoa³

et al. 2009

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…The intercalated or exfoliated forms of nanolayer silicates in many polymer systems have improved stiffness, strength, fracture toughness, fire resistance, barrier properties, and dimensional stability of the material [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The reinforcing ability of nanoclay is due to its high modulus, high strength and high aspect ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reinforcing ability of nanoclay is due to its high modulus, high strength and high aspect ratio. The greater is the exfoliation of the nanoclays in the polymer matrix, the greater is the reinforcing effect [2]. However, dispersion of organoclays in epoxy is a complex process, which takes place during the pre-mixing step and the curing step after mixing with hardener.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature, duration and speed of pre-mixing on the dispersion of clay/epoxy nanocomposites

Ngo

Ton‐That

Hoa

et al. 2009

Composites Science and Technology

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The effect of temperature, duration and speed of pre-mixing on the dispersion of organoclay in epoxy was studied. The technique of high-speed mixing process was used. Epoxy and Cloisite 30B were pre-mixed at different temperatures, different speeds and for different durations of time. The quality of dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of organoclay in epoxy after pre-mixing (before adding hardener) was analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and viscosity measurement. The dispersion and intercalation/exfoliation of organoclay in the epoxy nanocomposites (ENCs) after curing were characterized by XRD, field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM) and TEM. The results illustrate that the clay particles were broken down to smaller and smaller sizes with increase of pre-mixing temperature and especially with increase in pre-mixing speed. These parameters do not significantly affect the intercalation/exfoliation of organoclay in epoxy at the pre-mixing step, but they have indirect effect on intercalation/exfoliation at the curing step.

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Preparation and Characterization of Poly(butyleneterephthalate)/Organoclay Nanocomposites

Kang

Cho

et al. 2001

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

146

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Synthesis of epoxy–clay nanocomposites. Influence of the nature of the curing agent on structure

Cited by 400 publications

References 5 publications

Preparation and properties of epoxy nanocomposites. I. The effect of premixing on dispersion of organoclay

Preparation and properties of epoxy nanocomposites. I. The effect of premixing on dispersion of organoclay

Effect of temperature, duration and speed of pre-mixing on the dispersion of clay/epoxy nanocomposites

Preparation and Characterization of Poly(butyleneterephthalate)/Organoclay Nanocomposites

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