Synthesis Of Epoxidized Oleic Acid- Based Palm Oil by Peracid Mechanism

Jalil, Mohd Jumain; Yamin, Aliff Farhan Mohd; Zaini, Mohd Saufi Md; Ariff, Mohd Azahar Mohd; Chang, Siu Hua; Morad, Norhashimah; Hâdi, Abdul

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/551/1/012120

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Another research done by Jumain Jalil et al [24] shows that the maximum yield of epoxide was achieved when formic acid was used as the oxygen carrier compared to acetic acid. This is because the high epoxide yield obtained by the immediate reaction between the performic acid formed with the C=C double bonds in the oleic fatty acid chain and the minimization of oxirane ring degradation.…”

Section: Effect Of Oxygen Carrier On Epoxidation and Hydroxylation Re...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative Study on Optimization of Factors Affecting Epoxidation-Hydroxylation Reaction for The Production of Waste Cooking Oil Based-Polyol

2022

SRJ

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Raw materials for the production of polyurethane (PU), including polyols and isocyanate are derived from crude oils which pose multitude environmental impacts. While, the exploits of pure cooking oil, like palm oil used as a feedstock for polyol could cause bio-crisis, triggered by the imbalance of its demands and supplies. Hence, the utilization of vegetables or cooking oil from waste are mandatory to resolve the impacts. This study revolves around the comparative assessment of waste cooking oil (WCO) over pure cooking oil, as well as, the optimization of temperature, different acids and catalysts and hydrogen peroxide loading in the production polyol via epoxidation and hydroxylation reaction. An acid reacts with hydrogen peroxide, produces peroxy-acid and water, which then reacts with WCO, first step through the epoxidation process. Afterwards, to produce polyol the breaking of the epoxidized-ring fatty acids is carried out by the reaction of hydroxylation aided by catalyst i.e., hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid. Notoriously, WCO have similar triglyceride structure as pure cooking oil. However, even after filtration, some factors have considerable effect on its fatty acid compositions such as duration of usage, exposure of temperature and type of food used during cooking. In regards to temperature when producing polyol, it is discovered that higher temperature led to more ring-opening, nonetheless, prolong high temperature causes more side reactions which is undesirable. Additionally, acetic acid has surpassing oxygen carrier properties over formic acid in epoxidation reaction. Alongside, sulphuric acid being the most efficient inorganic acid catalyst due to stronger acid exhibits profound ring-opening of epoxidized oil. Furthermore, higher loading of hydrogen peroxide is preferable. Lastly, variations of extraction of sustainable acids which can be used as oxygen carrier for epoxidation i.e., formic acid and acetic acid derived from empty fruit bunch and food wastes are also demonstrated.

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Section: Effect Of Oxygen Carrier On Epoxidation and Hydroxylation Re...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparative Study on Optimization of Factors Affecting Epoxidation-Hydroxylation Reaction for The Production of Waste Cooking Oil Based-Polyol

2022

SRJ

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“…Epoxidation of palm oil is known as the carbon atoms adjacent to the alkyl group that is joined to the same oxygen atom in the structure, and these products are named epoxides or oxiranes 2 . In the epoxidation process, two methods are known in industrial peracids: peracetic acid 3 and performic acid 4 . At present, the most common feedstock used is derived from petroleum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable approach for catalytic green epoxidation of oleic acid with applied ion exchange resin

Rahman,

Mubarak,

Azmi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Epoxides were primarily derived from petroleum-based sources. However, there has been limited research on optimizing the process parameters for epoxidized palm oil-derived oleic acid, resulting in its underutilization. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize the catalytic epoxidation of palm oleic acid concerning the oxirane content by applying ion exchange resin as a catalyst. Epoxidized oleic acid was produced using in-situ-formed performic acid by combining formic acid as the oxygen carrier with hydrogen peroxide as the oxygen donor. The findings revealed that the optimal reaction conditions for producing epoxidized oleic acid with the highest oxirane content were an Amberlite IR-120 catalyst loading of 0.9 g, a molar ratio of formic acid to oleic acid of 1:1., and a molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to oleic acid of 1:1.1. By employing these optimal conditions, the maximum relative conversion of palm oleic acid to oxirane was achieved at 85%. The reaction rate constants (k) based on the optimized epoxidized oleic acid are determined as follows: k11 = 20 mol L−1 min−1, k12 = 2 mol L−1 min−1, and k2 = 20 mol L−1 min−1. The findings validated the kinetic model by showing good agreement between the simulation and experimental data.

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Epoxidation of oleic acid derived palm oil and subsequent ring opening by in situ hydrolysis

Jalil,

Rahman,

Masri

et al. 2024

Polym. Bull.

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Synthesis Of Epoxidized Oleic Acid- Based Palm Oil by Peracid Mechanism

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Comparative Study on Optimization of Factors Affecting Epoxidation-Hydroxylation Reaction for The Production of Waste Cooking Oil Based-Polyol

Comparative Study on Optimization of Factors Affecting Epoxidation-Hydroxylation Reaction for The Production of Waste Cooking Oil Based-Polyol

Sustainable approach for catalytic green epoxidation of oleic acid with applied ion exchange resin

Epoxidation of oleic acid derived palm oil and subsequent ring opening by in situ hydrolysis

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