Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Methyl Carbamate and Methanol with Zinc Compounds as Catalysts

Zhao, Wenbo; Wang, Feng; Peng, Weicai; Zhao, Ning; Li, Junping; Xiao, Fang; Wei, Wei; Sun, Yuhan

doi:10.1021/ie8003732

Cited by 56 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The reaction of cellobiose with DMC could take place in three ways, [20,21,[27][28][29] as presented in Figure 2. The reaction between cellobiose and DMC yielded ap roduct with reasonably high recoveredy ield (70-73 %), as determined gravimetrically and summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Way to Produce Cellobiose Carbonates Using Green Chemistry

et al. 2016

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The preparation of cellulose derivatives using green (i.e., environmentally friendly) reagents would improve sustainability and reduce concerns arising from the use of non-green reagents. The objective of this work was to prepare cellobiose carbonate using a green reagent, dimethyl carbonate. The carbonation reaction was carried out in the presence of ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution and dimethyl carbonate for 6 h at a range of temperatures (25-70 °C). A cellobiose derivative was successfully prepared with a recovered yield of more than 70 % and characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy techniques. The presence of a grafted disaccharide with a degree of substitution higher than 2 was determined by (13) C NMR analysis. The spectra of the prepared cellobiose carbonate exhibited peaks that were associated with cellulose molecules (C1 -C6 ) and corresponded to carbonate functions at around 159.4 ppm.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Way to Produce Cellobiose Carbonates Using Green Chemistry

et al. 2016

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“…The production of DMC has received increasing attention over the least years [23][24][25][26][27][28]. There are several methods for the synthesis of DMC, such as phosgenation of methanol, oxidative carbonylation of methanol, transesterification method, and esterification of carbon dioxide with methanol [29][30][31]. In this paper, three reaction routes for DMC synthesis are evaluated.…”

Section: Assessment Of Dmc Production Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability Assessment of Chemical Processes: Evaluation of Three Synthesis Routes of DMC

Saavalainen

Kabra

Turpeinen

et al. 2015

Journal of Chemistry

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This paper suggested multicriteria based evaluation tool to assess the sustainability of three different reaction routes to dimethyl carbonate: direct synthesis from carbon dioxide and methanol, transesterification of methanol and propylene carbonate, and oxidative carbonylation of methanol. The first two routes are CO2-based and in a research and development phase, whereas the last one is a commercial process. The set of environmental, social, and economic indicators selected were renewability of feedstock, energy intensity, waste generation, CO2balance, yield, feedstock price, process costs, health and safety issues of feedstock, process conditions, and innovation potential. The performance in these indicators was evaluated with the normalized scores from 0 to +1; 0 for detrimental and 1 for favorable impacts. The assessment showed that the transesterification route had the best potential toward sustainability, although there is still much development needed to improve yield. Further, the assessment gave clear understanding of the main benefits of each reaction route, as well as the major challenges to sustainability, which can further aid in orienting development efforts to key issues that need improvement. Finally, it was concluded that a multicriteria analysis such as the one presented in this paper was a viable method to be used in the process design stage.

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“…Wang et al and Zhao et al studied the synthesis of DMC from urea and methanol over zinc compounds and observed that in the synthesis of DMC from urea and methanol, the following sequence of reactions took place [20][21][22][23][24]26]:…”

Section: Kinetics Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies focused on testing various catalysts in this process, such as bases, organotin catalysts, and metal oxides [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Very recently, Wang et al found that ZnO showed the highest catalytic activity and stability among solid base catalysts for this process [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics studies of dimethyl carbonate synthesis from urea and methanol over ZnO catalyst

Zhang

Wang

Wei

et al. 2010

Korean J. Chem. Eng.

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A kinetic experiment of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) synthesis by urea methanol over ZnO catalyst was carried out in an isothermal fixed-bed reactor. A kinetic model based on the mole fraction was proposed and the kinetic parameters were estimated from the experimental results. The model predictions were compared with the experimental data and fair agreements were found. The effects of the reaction temperature (443-473 K), space time (0-4.7 h mol −1 kg cat ) and urea mass percent (5-9%) in feed on DMC mole fraction were investigated. It was found that the reactions are mainly influenced by the reaction temperature and space time rather than urea mass percent in feed. The experimental and simulated results indicated that the reaction from MC to DMC was the rate-controlling step in the DMC synthesis process from urea and methanol. It is important to remove the DMC and byproduct ammonia to achieve a high selectivity of DMC. This implies that reactive distillation might be used in the DMC synthesis on an industrial scale to achieve a higher selectivity of DMC.

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Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Methyl Carbamate and Methanol with Zinc Compounds as Catalysts

Cited by 56 publications

References 27 publications

A New Way to Produce Cellobiose Carbonates Using Green Chemistry

A New Way to Produce Cellobiose Carbonates Using Green Chemistry

Sustainability Assessment of Chemical Processes: Evaluation of Three Synthesis Routes of DMC

Kinetics studies of dimethyl carbonate synthesis from urea and methanol over ZnO catalyst

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