Synthesis of Diamond Nanowires Using Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

Hsu, Chih-Hsun; Cloutier, Sylvain G.; Palefsky, Steven; Xu, Jimmy

doi:10.1021/nl100616x

Cited by 65 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…20 Very recently, a new route to the synthesis of one-dimensional sp 3 carbon with the outer surface terminated in hydrogen, was discovered: topochemical constraints within compressed benzene crystals. When such crystals are decompressed slowly, the usual disordered reaction product is avoided and ordered arrays of thin one-dimensional nanothreads form as each carbon atom within a stack of benzene molecules bonds with a carbon atom in the molecule above or below.…”

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confidence: 99%

Systematic Enumeration of sp³ Nanothreads

2015

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Slow decompression of crystalline benzene in large-volume high-pressure cells has recently achieved synthesis of a novel one-dimensional allotrope of sp(3) carbon in which stacked columns of benzene molecules rehybridize into an ordered crystal of nanothreads. The progenitor benzene molecules function as six-valent one-dimensional superatoms with multiple binding sites. Here we enumerate their hexavalent bonding geometries, recognizing that the repeat unit of interatomic connectivity ("topological unit cell") need not coincide with the crystallographic unit cell, and identify the most energetically favorable cases. A topological unit cell of one or two benzene rings with at least two bonds interconnecting each adjacent pair of rings, accommodates 50 topologically distinct nanothreads, 15 of which are within 80 meV/carbon atom of the most stable member. Optimization of aperiodic helicity reveals the most stable structures to be chiral. We generalize Euler's rules for ring counting to cover this new form of very thin one-dimensional carbon, calculated their physical properties, and propose a naming convention that can be generalized to handle nanothreads formed from other progenitor molecules.

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confidence: 99%

Systematic Enumeration of sp³ Nanothreads

2015

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“…This could be hardly considered an unexpected result, because among the other WBGMs, diamond is characterized by very favorable properties, such as a high dielectric constant, a negative electron affinity (NEA), high thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, chemical inertness and radiation tolerance. [21][22][23][24][25] Moreover, the fact that the diamond surfaces do not adsorb chemical species has made it possible to use the emitters without the need for "conditioning" pre-treatments, consisting of complex out-gassing steps, as required in the case of uncoated CNTs. 26 Let us consider in some detail the electronic structure of diamond.…”

Section: Silvia Orlanduccimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanodiamonds for field emission: state of the art

Terranova

Orlanducci

Rossi³

et al. 2015

Nanoscale

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The aim of this review is to highlight the recent advances and the main remaining challenges related to the issue of electron field emission (FE) from nanodiamonds. The roadmap for FE vacuum microelectronic devices envisages that nanodiamonds could become very important in a short time. The intrinsic properties of the nanodiamond materials indeed meet many of the requirements of cutting-edge technologies and further benefits can be obtained by tailored improvements of processing methodologies. The current strategies used to modulate the morphological and structural features of diamond to produce highly performing emitting systems are reported and discussed. The focus is on the current understanding of the FE process from nanodiamond-based materials and on the major concepts used to improve their performance. A short survey of non-conventional microsized cold cathodes based on nanodiamonds is also reported. IntroductionMiniaturized electron sources based on the field emission (FE) process, namely "cold-cathodes", are nowadays replacing the conventional thermoionic electron sources. FE-based devices are able to operate at high frequency and at high current densities, have no need of heating and are characterized by reduced weight and by instantaneous switching on. Moreover, Maria Letizia TerranovaProfessor of Chemistry at Tor Vergata University of Rome (Italy), Maria Letizia Terranova heads the Minima lab at the Department of Chemical Science and Technology. She has expertise on different scientific topics, including nuclear chemistry, laser-induced reactions in the gas-phase, ion-and laserinduced modifications in solids, electrochemical and vapour deposition processes. Her research activity is mainly focused on the synthesis, processing and functional testing of nanomaterials: carbon nanostructures (nanodiamonds, nanotubes, graphenes, onions), nanocomposites and hybrid organic/ inorganic structures. Materials and systems are produced for applications in micro/nano-electronics, optoelectronics, energetics, sensing, thermal management and bio-related nanotechnologies. She has co-authored 290 papers, 4 patents, and co-edited 4 books. Silvia OrlanducciIn 2004 Fowler-Nordheim and the experiments by Spindt and coworkers 3 paved the way for a number of subsequent researches on FE-based vacuum electronics. The good performance of such devices is based on the fact that, according to the Fowler-Nordheim law, the emitted current density J depends strongly on the local applied electric field E and that geometric factors typical of nanostructures (sharp edges, tips, peaks, nanoprotrusions) locally increase the concentration of electric field at the emitter sites. The ratio of the local field to the applied field, the so-called electric field enhancement factor β, 1 independently of the material, is a key factor influencing the field emission characteristics. In the last two decades the design, realization and application of a new generation of cold cathodes based on advanced nanomaterials have been the object of tremendous i...

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“…Numerous efforts have been directed to develop the synthetic methods of diamond nanowires, such as reactive-ion-etching (RIE) [18][19][20][21][22][23], plasma post-treatment carbon nanotubes [24,25], transfer fullerene to diamond nanowires at high temperature and high pressure [26], template or catalyst assisted CVD method [26,27], etc.…”

Section: Synthetic Strategies Of Diamond Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond Nanowires: Fabrication, Structure, Properties and Applications

Zhi

2014

Topics in Applied Physics

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Diamond is a wide band gap semiconductor exhibiting a combination of superior properties, such as negative electron affinity, chemical inertness, high Young's modulus, the highest hardness and room-temperature thermal conductivity, etc. It is possible to control and enhance the fundamental properties of diamond by fabricating 1D diamond nanowires, due to the giant surface-to-volume ratio enhancements of 1D nanowires. Although theoretical comparisons with carbon nanotubes have shown that diamond nanowires are energetically and mechanically viable structures, reproducibly synthesizing the crystalline diamond nanowires has remained challenging. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive, up-to-date review for the diamond nanowires, wherein we will give a discussing for their synthesis along with their structures, properties and applications.

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Synthesis of Diamond Nanowires Using Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

Cited by 65 publications

References 34 publications

Systematic Enumeration of sp³ Nanothreads

Systematic Enumeration of sp³ Nanothreads

Nanodiamonds for field emission: state of the art

Diamond Nanowires: Fabrication, Structure, Properties and Applications

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Synthesis of Diamond Nanowires Using Atmospheric-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

Cited by 65 publications

References 34 publications

Systematic Enumeration of sp3 Nanothreads

Systematic Enumeration of sp3 Nanothreads

Nanodiamonds for field emission: state of the art

Diamond Nanowires: Fabrication, Structure, Properties and Applications

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Systematic Enumeration of sp³ Nanothreads

Systematic Enumeration of sp³ Nanothreads