Synthesis of di- and trivalent β″-aluminas by ion exchange

Sattar, Simeen; Ghosal, B.; Underwood, M. L.; Mertwoy, H.; Saltzberg, M.A.; Frydrych, W.S.; Rohrer, Gregory S.; Farrington, G. C.

doi:10.1016/0022-4596(86)90058-7

Cited by 58 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…With spinel block anions connect the blocks. Due to the high the given results inconsistencies in the literature concernmobility an equivalent amount of the Na ϩ ions is replaceing the ionic distributions and the resulting physical propable by other mono-, di-, and trivalent cations, especially erties of lanthanide ion exchanged Na ϩ -ͱЉ-alumina can by lanthanide ions (4,5). Possible positions for the cations be understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dependence of Pr3+Distributions on the Composition of Pr3+–β″-Alumina

Köhler

Urland

1996

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Dependence of Pr3+Distributions on the Composition of Pr3+–β″-Alumina

Köhler

Urland

1996

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

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“…Although it has been reported that Ln 3þ -b/b 00 -alumina [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], b-alumina-related materials [40][41][42][43][44] and Ln 3 þ -b-LaNb 3 O 9 [45,46] are trivalent ion conductors, such reports have neither directly nor quantitatively demonstrated trivalent ion migration in solids. For trivalent cations, the electrostatic interaction between the conducting trivalent cation and the surrounding anions was considered to be so strong that a trivalent ion could not migrate within a solid lattice.…”

Section: Analysis Of Trivalent Cation Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Solids: In the Search for Multivalent Cation Transport

Хартон¹

2009

Solid State Electrochemistry I

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The interfacial and transport phenomena related to multivalent cation migration in solids are of major interest in our understanding of many fundamental mechanisms and for numerous potential applications. The exact identification and quantitative analysis of these phenomena are, however, among the most complex tasks in solidstate electrochemistry. In those systems which comprise several types of ion that may be mobile, a precise separation of the contributions provided by different ionic species is only possible by combining several complementary electrochemical, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques. These experiments require also careful examination of their reproducibility, an assessment of the relative roles of all factors that influence ionic transport, a thorough characterization of the materials, the elimination of various parasitic effects, and the correct accounting of possible parallel and alternative mechanisms. For multivalent cation conductors, typical experimental problems include the presence of minor amounts of impurities (e.g., protons or alkaline metal cations), interfacial transport (via extended defects, grain boundaries or surfaces), electronic conduction and/or phase decomposition processes induced by the applied electrical field, cation demixing under chemical potential gradients, possible volatilization of components, phase separation at the interfaces, and other complex electrode phenomena. In particular, due to the electrostatic and stereological factors discussed in previous chapters, the mobility of multivalent cations is always lower compared to that of monovalent species. Consequently, even microscopic amounts of ionic impurities, barely distinguishable by standard analytical methods, may have non-negligible effects on the transport properties. In the case of electrochemical measurements involving direct currents, high electrical and polarization resistances may lead to excessively high voltages, the generation of electronic charge carriers, and/or decomposition. These factors are in part responsible for the contradictory conclusions, various different opinions, doubts and questions reported with regards to migration-and intercalation-related phenomena when the cation Solid State Electrochemistry I: Fundamentals, Materials and their Applications. Edited by Vladislav V. Kharton

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“…Yao and Kummer have reported that the sodium ions in a fast two-dimensional Na + ion-conductor, Na beta-alumina, have been exchanged in molten salts with K + , Ag + , Rb + , and Li + ions [5,6]. Farrington and Dunn et al [7][8][9][10][11] have found that the Na + content of beta″-alumina can be replaced by a variety of divalent and trivalent cations, Ba 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ and Mn 2+ , Cr 3+ , and some lanthanide ions etc., in ion-exchange reactions. On the basis of their results, we have carried out Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ /Li + ion-exchanges on a Li ion-conducting perovskite La 0.55 Li 0.35 TiO 3 in La 2/3−x Li 3x TiO 3 using molten salts [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%