Synthesis of Davankov‐type hypercrosslinked resins using different isomer compositions of vinylbenzyl chloride monomer, and application in the solid‐phase extraction of polar compounds

Abstract

Two different gel-type resins have been prepared by suspension polymerization using 2 wt % divinylbenzene (DVB) with either p-vinylbenzyl chloride (pVBC) or a mixture of VBC isomers (similar to 70% m-; similar to 30% p-). Significant difference in the chlorine content was observed, which was attributed to a more favored hydrolysis process when p-VBC was used. The presence of hydroxyl groups has been confirmed by elemental microanalytical data and solid-state C-13 cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. Hypercrosslinked resins were prepared from both gel-type precursors by treatment with FeCl3, in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) at 80 degrees C. The resultant resins showed differences in specific surface area and degree of hydrophilicity. The performance of the hypercrosslinked resins was evaluated in solid-phase extraction (SPE) of polar compounds, and better results were obtained for the hypercrosslinked resin prepared from p-VBC that combines a relatively high specific surface area (908 m(2) g(-1)) and somewhat higher oxygen content (3.96 wt % O)

A new strategy to synthesize hypercross-linked conjugated polystyrene and its application towards CO2 sorption

“…Sherrington et al [28][29][30] synthesized styrene precursors via incorporating the third monomer of vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC), and obtained the HCL-PS networks with ultrahigh surface area by the Friedel-Crafts reaction.…”

Self‐concentration effects in preparative SEC of mineral electrolytes using nanoporous neutral polymeric sorbents

“…Generally, the nanoporous materials of the NN series are prepared by introducing many methylene (-CH 2 -) links between pairs of phenyl rings in styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer beads taken in a strongly swollen state [4,5]. The thus prepared hypercrosslinked polystyrenes already found wide application as highly efficient adsorbing materials [6][7][8][9], in particular, for SPE of organic pollutants [10][11][12][13]. The polymers possess a rigid open network structure with a highly developed system of small pores.…”

Porous polymer particles—A comprehensive guide to synthesis, characterization, functionalization and applications

“…This approach is based on the formation of extensive post-crosslinking between the phenyl groups on the PS resin via Friedel-Crafts reactions [94].A bis-halide such as dichloroethane is needed together with the catalyst FeCl 3 to form the bridges between the phenyl groups of pure PS resins [95] and FeCl 3 alone is sufficient for post-crosslinking PS resins containing 4-(chloromethyl)styrene comonomer [96]. The first stage can be any heterogeneous polymerization such as emulsion [97], suspension [98] or precipitation polymerization [99] while the second stage involves the FriedelCrafts hypercrosslinking where the seeds are simply swollen in dichloroethane and heated in the presence of FeCl 3 .…”