“…As important solid acids, transitionmetal oxides are currently attracting considerable attention due to their unique properties and broad range of potential applications. During the last decades, monometallic oxides such as MgO [9][10][11], SnO 2 [12][13][14], WO 3 [12,14], ZrO 2 [12,14,15], TiO 2 [12,14,16], Al 2 O 3 [17], Nb 2 O 5 [12,14,18], Ta 2 O 5 [12,14,19], and bimetallic oxides such as Nb-Ta oxides [12,14,20,21], Mg-Ta oxides [21,22], Nb-W oxides [23], Sn/W oxides [24], Zr-W oxides [25,26], and WO 3 -TiO 2 [27] have all been studied. The transition-metal centers in the inorganic frameworks of porous structures also possess variable oxidation states and empty d-orbitals, which allow electron transfer to occur between the reactants and active sites during the catalytic process [28].…”