Synthesis of conductive PSt-g-PANi/TiO₂ nanocomposites by metal catalyzed and chemical oxidative polymerization

Abstract

Well-defined polymer-TiO 2 nanocomposites of core-shell structure were prepared by two-steps, surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene and in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline monomers from the surfaces of the TiO 2 nanoparticles. The methods used include the following: initially, the ATRP initiator was covalently attached to the surface of TiO 2 nanoparticles by esterification of 2-bromo-2-methyl propionic acid with hydroxyl group. The metalcatalyzed radical polymerization of styrene with modified TiO 2 nanoparticles was performed using a copper catalyst system to give the TiO 2 -based core hybrids linking PSt segments (TiO 2 -PSt hybrids). Next, the TiO 2 -PSt reacted with HNO 3 /H 2 SO 4 to produce a nitro group containing polystyrene to form TiO 2 -PSt-NO 2 , and obtained TiO 2 -PSt-NO 2 was treated with hydrochloric acid/SnCl 2 , and converted to an amine group containing polystyrene (TiO 2 -PSt-NH 2 ). Finally, surface oxidative graft copolymerization of aniline, using the -NH 2 moieties of TiO 2 /PSt-NH 2 as the anchoring sites. Characterization of these well-defined nanocomposites included FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction.

Synthesis of sharply thermo and PH responsive PMA-b-PNIPAM-b-PEG-b-PNIPAM-b-PMA by RAFT radical polymerization and its schizophrenic micellization in aqueous solutions

“…The growth of controlled/living polymerizations has allowed synthetic polymer chemists to proposal complex polymeric buildings with high accuracy [ 47 ]. Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations [ 48,49 ], atom transfer polymerizations (ATRP) [ 50–52 ] and nitroxide mediated polymerizations (NMP) [ 53 ] yield well-defined macromolecules with low polydispersity [ 54 ]. Among these basic techniques, RAFT demonstrates the most useful and facile method, since it uses a diversity of chain transfer agents [ 55 ] allowing a broad range of monomers to be polymerized without the use of transition metal catalysts.…”

TiO2 nanoparticle enhanced high temperature proton conductivity in hyperbranched sulfonated polyarylene aliphatic ketones for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications

“…The pure TiO 2 NPs provided no manifest weight loss below 358°C. It removed the heating range of TiO 2 NPs at 150–358°C 45 . TiO 2 /HB‐SPAAKs nanocomposite membranes manifestation conforming one minor and two major weight loss showed: (i) the first minor step is commissioned to the vaporization of water as a residual solvent around at 50–200°C; (ii) the second stage of stand for the decomposition of the sulfonic acid group attached with HB‐SPAAKs polymer main chains around at 310–450°C; (iii) the third stage is the decomposed HB‐PAAKs polymer backbones around 500–700°C.Figure 10a.…”

Development and characterization of a novel conductive polyaniline-g-polystyrene/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite for the treatment of cancer

“…The final products were precipitated with methanol. For further characterization, it was dissolved in toluene to form a clear yellowish solution [65] (Scheme 3).…”

“…For surface oxidative graft copolymerization of aniline is the same as in the Abbasian et al [65]. Briefly, the Fe 3 O 4 /PSt-NH 2 (0.1 g), aniline monomers (0.01 mol) were added into the aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (1.0 M).…”