“…Nonionic amphiphilic polymers, which contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components and are capable of interacting with both metal NPs and a dispersion medium, are the most effective steric stabilizers. Among them, poly( N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) is the most frequently used for stabilizing metal NPs in various liquids and in Ag‐ and Cu‐based ink formulations . This polymer strongly interacts with metal NPs through the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group …”
Section: Metal Nanoparticlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among them, poly( N -vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) is the most frequently used for stabilizing metal NPs in various liquids and in Ag-and Cu-based ink formulations. [ 15,33,62,69,76,80,[84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100] This polymer strongly interacts with metal NPs through the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. [ 101 ] In the case of charged polyelectrolytes, both electrostatic and steric mechanisms are simultaneously involved, resulting in electrosteric stabilization of the colloidal particles.…”
Section: Stabilization Of Dispersionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the second stage, the obtained NPs are dispersed in a proper liquid vehicle containing the required additives. This approach was successfully used for preparing Ag-based, [ 16,91,95,100,[156][157][158][159][160] Cubased, [ 32,33,73,96,111 ] and Cu@Ag-based [ 161 ] inks. Metal nanopowders prepared by the gas-phase, [ 52 ] laser ablation, [ 120,162,163 ] and mechanochemical [ 164,165 ] methods can also be used for conductive ink formulation.…”
Section: Metal-based Inksmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Metal nanopowders prepared by the gas-phase, [ 52 ] laser ablation, [ 120,162,163 ] and mechanochemical [ 164,165 ] methods can also be used for conductive ink formulation. Typical solvents for metal-based inks are water, [ 16,26,100,157,166 ] hydrocarbons, [ 158,160,[167][168][169][170] alcohols and other oxygenated solvent. [ 33,84,168,[171][172][173] However, to tailor inkjet inks for optimal printing performance, the ink vehicles should usually be composed of a mixture of solvents, such as water with alcohols [ 85,86,89 ] and glycols, [ 76,82,98 ] as well as multicomponent mixtures containing water, organic solvents and glycerol.…”
This is a review on recent developments in the field of conductive nanomaterials and their application in printed electronics, with particular emphasis on inkjet printing of ink formulations based on metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene sheets. The review describes the basic properties of conductive nanomaterials suitable for printed electronics (metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene), their stabilization in dispersions, formulations of conductive inks, and obtaining conductive patterns by using various sintering methods. Applications of conductive nanomaterials for electronic devices (transparent electrodes, metallization of solar cells, RFID antennas, TFTs, and light emitting devices) are also briefly reviewed.
“…Nonionic amphiphilic polymers, which contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components and are capable of interacting with both metal NPs and a dispersion medium, are the most effective steric stabilizers. Among them, poly( N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) is the most frequently used for stabilizing metal NPs in various liquids and in Ag‐ and Cu‐based ink formulations . This polymer strongly interacts with metal NPs through the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group …”
Section: Metal Nanoparticlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among them, poly( N -vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) is the most frequently used for stabilizing metal NPs in various liquids and in Ag-and Cu-based ink formulations. [ 15,33,62,69,76,80,[84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100] This polymer strongly interacts with metal NPs through the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. [ 101 ] In the case of charged polyelectrolytes, both electrostatic and steric mechanisms are simultaneously involved, resulting in electrosteric stabilization of the colloidal particles.…”
Section: Stabilization Of Dispersionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the second stage, the obtained NPs are dispersed in a proper liquid vehicle containing the required additives. This approach was successfully used for preparing Ag-based, [ 16,91,95,100,[156][157][158][159][160] Cubased, [ 32,33,73,96,111 ] and Cu@Ag-based [ 161 ] inks. Metal nanopowders prepared by the gas-phase, [ 52 ] laser ablation, [ 120,162,163 ] and mechanochemical [ 164,165 ] methods can also be used for conductive ink formulation.…”
Section: Metal-based Inksmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Metal nanopowders prepared by the gas-phase, [ 52 ] laser ablation, [ 120,162,163 ] and mechanochemical [ 164,165 ] methods can also be used for conductive ink formulation. Typical solvents for metal-based inks are water, [ 16,26,100,157,166 ] hydrocarbons, [ 158,160,[167][168][169][170] alcohols and other oxygenated solvent. [ 33,84,168,[171][172][173] However, to tailor inkjet inks for optimal printing performance, the ink vehicles should usually be composed of a mixture of solvents, such as water with alcohols [ 85,86,89 ] and glycols, [ 76,82,98 ] as well as multicomponent mixtures containing water, organic solvents and glycerol.…”
This is a review on recent developments in the field of conductive nanomaterials and their application in printed electronics, with particular emphasis on inkjet printing of ink formulations based on metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene sheets. The review describes the basic properties of conductive nanomaterials suitable for printed electronics (metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene), their stabilization in dispersions, formulations of conductive inks, and obtaining conductive patterns by using various sintering methods. Applications of conductive nanomaterials for electronic devices (transparent electrodes, metallization of solar cells, RFID antennas, TFTs, and light emitting devices) are also briefly reviewed.
“…AgNPs have great potential in a number of industries such as antimicrobials and electronics [41,42]. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum has been used in a large number of studies attempting to create metallic nanoparticles, especially those made of silver.…”
Section: Nanoparticle Synthesis By Fungimentioning
Over the past few decades interest in metallic nanoparticles and their synthesis has greatly increased. This has resulted in the development of numerous ways of producing metallic nanoparticles using chemical and physical methods. However, drawbacks such as the involvement of toxic chemicals and the high-energy requirements of production make it difficult for them to be widely implemented. An alternative way of synthesising metallic nanoparticles is by using living organisms such as bacteria, fungi and plants. This "green" method of biological nanoparticle production is a promising approach that allows synthesis in aqueous conditions, with low energy requirements and low-costs. This review gives an overview of some of these environmentally friendly methods of biological metallic nanoparticle synthesis. It also highlights the potential importance of these methods in assessing nanoparticle risk to both health and the environment.techniques, which are generally low-cost and high-volume. However, the need for toxic solvents and the contamination from chemicals used in nanoparticle production limit their potential use in biomedical applications [15]. Therefore a "green", non-toxic way of synthesising metallic nanoparticles is needed in order to allow them to be used in a wider range of industries. This could potentially be achieved by using biological methods.Many bacteria, fungi and plants have shown the ability to synthesise metallic nanoparticles and all have their own advantages and disadvantages (Table 1) [16][17][18]. Intracellular or extracellular synthesis, growth temperature, synthesis time, ease of extraction and percentage synthesised versus percentage removed from sample ratio, all play an important role in biological nanoparticle production. Finding the right biological method can depend upon a number of variables. Most importantly, the type of metal nanoparticle under investigation is of vital consideration, as in general organisms have developed resistance against a small number of metals, potentially limiting the choice of organism. However synthetic biology; a nascent field of science, is starting to address these issues in order to create more generalised chassis, able to synthesise more than one type of metallic nanoparticle using the same organism [19]."Natural" biogenic metallic nanoparticle synthesis can be split into two categories. The first is bioreduction, in which metal ions are chemically reduced into more stable forms biologically. Many organisms have the ability to utilise dissimilatory metal reduction, in which the reduction of a metal ion is coupled with the oxidation of an enzyme [20]. This results in stable and inert metallic nanoparticles that can then be safely removed from a contaminated sample. The second category is biosorption. This involves the binding of metal ions from Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology J o u rna l of N a n o m ed icine & N a n o te chnolo g y
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