Synthesis of chitosan-g-aniline-crotonic acid: Optimization of processing parameters for efficient grafting using taguchi method

Sabirneeza, A. Ali Fathima; Subhashini, S.; Selvi, G. Tamil; Sivakami, R.M.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.224

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Real experiments resulted in 1386.68 µg/ml loading and confirmed the predicted conditions. This result was found to be comparable to the predicted loading of 1367.73 µg/ml, thereby providing evidence for the validity of the methods 43 – 45 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Intelligent berberine-loaded erythrocytes attenuated inflammatory cytokine productions in macrophages

Aghili,

Magnani,

Ghatrehsamani

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Erythrocytes are impressive tools for drug delivery, especially to macrophages. Therefore, berberine was loaded into erythrocytes using both hypotonic pre-swelling and endocytosis methods to target macrophages. Physicochemical and kinetic parameters of the resulting carrier cells, such as drug loading/release kinetics, osmotic fragility, and hematological indices, were determined. Drug loading was optimized for the study using Taguchi experimental design and lab experiments. Loaded erythrocytes were targeted to macrophages using ZnCl2 and bis-sulfosuccinimidyl-suberate, and targeting was evaluated using flow cytometry and Wright–Giemsa staining. Differentiated macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, and the inflammatory profiles of macrophages were evaluated using ELISA, western blotting, and real-time PCR. Findings indicated that the endocytosis method is preferred due to its low impact on the erythrocyte’s structural integrity. Maximum loading achieved (1386.68 ± 22.43 μg/ml) at 1500 μg/ml berberine treatment at 37 °C for 2 h. Berberine successfully inhibited NF-κB translation in macrophages, and inflammatory response markers such as IL-1β, IL-8, IL-23, and TNF-α were decreased by approximately ninefold, sixfold, twofold, eightfold, and twofold, respectively, compared to the LPS-treated macrophages. It was concluded that berberine-loaded erythrocytes can effectively target macrophages and modulate the inflammatory response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%