Synthesis of Chitosan Capped Zinc Sulphide Nanoparticle Composites as an Antibacterial Agent for Liquid Handwash Disinfectant Applications

Abstract

There is a need to develop alternative disinfectants that differ from conventional antibiotics to address antibacterial resistance, along with specialized materials for biomedical applications. Herein, we report on the synthesis of zinc sulfide (ZnS) capped with chitosan (CS) to produce CS-ZnS nanocomposites (NCs), which were assayed for antibacterial activity in liquid handwash formulations. The CS-ZnS NCs were prepared using the bottom-up wet-chemical method. The role of CS as the capping agent was investigated by varying the ratio of CS with respect to the ZnS precursor. The prepared CS-ZnS NCs were characterized using complementary spectral methods: scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The antibacterial activities of liquid handwash (LH) formulations containing 1% (w/w) CS-ZnS NCs were tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the agar diffusion test method. This LH formulation displayed antibacterial activity against S. aureus with an average inhibition zone diameter in the range of 16.9–19.1 mm, and met the quality standards set by the National Standardization Agency. The formulated LH solutions containing CS-ZnS NCs showed antibacterial activity, which suggests that the CS-ZnS NCs have potential as an alternative active ingredient for tailored and non-irritant antibacterial LH detergents.

Antiseptic Liquid Soap from Corn Oil (Zea mays L) and Aloe Vera Extract with The Variation of SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate)

“…The highest viscosity is soap without SLS at 2,161.25 cP and the lowest viscosity is the soap with the addition of SLS of 6 g at 1112.20 cP. According to Kusrini et al (2023), the addition of a thickening agent, better known as a thickener, serves to increase the viscosity of liquid hand soap and also plays a role in controlling the flow rate (viscosity) of the detergent formulation. Thickening agents include anionic surfactants, gums, starches, or polymeric materials.…”

Facile Synthesis of a Crystalline Zinc Sulfide/Chitosan Biopolymer Nanocomposite: Characterization and Application for Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes and Anticancer Activity

“…Chitosan, a well-known polysaccharide, is composed of d -glucosamine and N -acetyl- d -glucosamine connected by a β-1-4-glycosidic bond. Notably, chitosan is a flexible biopolymer that is derived from chitin by a process of alkaline deacetylation and can be used as a capping agent to stabilize and prepare nanocomposites. , Chitosan is rich with amine and hydroxyl groups, which facilitates possible chemical modification of the substance. , The reactive amine (−NH 2 ) and hydroxyl (OH) groups in chitosan make it an effective sorbent for an array of organic pollutants. − Chitosan is well-known for having vast applications in biomedical, adsorption, purification, and the food packaging sector owing to its unique macromolecular structure, biological activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and other intrinsic properties, due to which it has attained significant attention in recent scientific research. − …”

“… 30 , 31 Chitosan is rich with amine and hydroxyl groups, which facilitates possible chemical modification of the substance. 32 , 33 The reactive amine (−NH 2 ) and hydroxyl (OH) groups in chitosan make it an effective sorbent for an array of organic pollutants. 34 − 36 Chitosan is well-known for having vast applications in biomedical, adsorption, purification, and the food packaging sector owing to its unique macromolecular structure, biological activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and other intrinsic properties, due to which it has attained significant attention in recent scientific research.…”