Synthesis of Chitosan Beads Incorporating Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for In Vivo Studies

Abstract

Scaffold development for cell regeneration has increased in recent years due to the high demand for more efficient and biocompatible materials. Nanomaterials have become a critical alternative for mechanical, thermal, and antimicrobial property reinforcement in several biopolymers. In this work, four different chitosan (CS) bead formulations crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GLA), including titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2), and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, were prepared with potential biomedical applications in mind. The characterization of by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), demonstrated an efficient preparation of nanocomposites, with nanoparticles well-dispersed in the polymer matrix. In vivo, subdermal implantation of the beads in Wistar rat′s tissue for 90 days showed a proper and complete healing process without any allergenic response to any of the formulations. Masson′s trichrome staining of the histological implanted tissues demonstrated the presence of a group of macrophage/histiocyte compatible cells, which indicates a high degree of biocompatibility of the beads. The materials were very stable under body conditions as the morphometry studies showed, but with low resorption percentages. These high stability beads could be used as biocompatible, resistant materials for long-term applications. The results presented in this study show the enormous potential of these chitosan nanocomposites in cell regeneration and biomedical applications.

RETRACTED: Chitosan-Coated Titanium Dioxide-Embedded Paclitaxel Nanoparticles Enhance Anti-Tumor Efficacy Against Osteosarcoma

“…TiO 2 has been used as good material in medical and health applications due to its inert property (19). Chitosan molecules can be assembled through hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen binding (20). Both chitosan and TiO 2 are biocompatible, inert, and chemically stable so that they may be beneficial in the prevention of osteosarcoma progression.…”

Chitosan Beads Incorporated with Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Removing an Anionic Dye

“…Table 1 shows the composition of the synthesized beads. CS-GLA beads were prepared and characterized according to our previous report by FTRI, TGA, and XRD [21].…”

“…CS-GO-TiO 2 solutions were prepared according to our previously reported work [21] by adding various amounts of GO concerning TiO 2 (1%, 3%, and 10% w/w) to the CS-TiO 2 mixture. It was supplemented with 1% (v/v) acetic acid to 50 g of solution.…”

Synthesis and fabrication of films including graphene oxide functionalized with chitosan for regenerative medicine applications

“…Therefore, numerous methods for improving CS mechanical properties [9] have been reported in the latest years. The use of pristine carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes [10], nano-onions [11,12], graphene [13], and graphene oxide [14,15] has gained popularity, and CS has been linked to overcoming the drawbacks of low mechanical properties [16].…”