Synthesis of Cefixime and Azithromycin Nanoparticles: An Attempt to Enhance Their Antimicrobial Activity and Dissolution Rate

Abstract

In this study cefixime and azithromycin nanoparticles were prepared by antisolvent precipitation with syringe pump (APSP) and evaporator precipitation nanosuspension (EPN) methods. The nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TGA. X-ray diffraction pattern of cefixime samples showed the amorphous form, while azithromycin samples showed crystalline form. The FTIR spectra of parental drugs and synthesized nanoparticles have no major structural changes detected. The SEM images showed that nanoparticles of both drugs have submicron sized and nanosized particles. TGA analyses showed that above 30°C the decomposition of cefixime samples starts and their weight gradually decreases up to 600°C, while, in case of azithromycin, 30°C to 250°C, very small changes occur in weight; from above 250°C decomposition of the sample took place to a greater extent. The antibacterial activities of raw drugs and prepared samples of nanoparticles were determined againstStaphylococcus aureus,Shigella,E. coli, andSalmonella typhiby agar well diffusion method. Every time the nanoparticles samples showed better results than parental drugs. The dissolution rates of raw drugs and prepared nanoparticles were also determined. The results were always better for the synthesized nanoparticles than parental drug.

Enhanced bactericidal activity of azithromycin‐coated silver nanoprisms in comparison to their spherical‐shaped counterparts

“…The vibrations at 1698 and 1683 cm −1 revealed the presence of amide I, resulted from the reaction of the carbonyl group and N–H bond, and a peak at 1338 cm −1 showed –OH vibrations in the samples [31, 40–42]. The development of new peaks related to Azy on the spectra of NMs indicated the successful conjugation of NMs [43].…”

Accelerated Aqueous Solubility and Antibacterial Activity of Cefuroxime Axetil Using Microcrystalline Cellulose as Carrier

“…It can be correlated with the fact that the enhanced solubility of CA with resultant better diffusion achieved through CSD formulation attributed for significant difference in RZOI. Khan et al (2016) reported that, cefixime nanoparticles exhibited better antibacterial activity than pure cefixime against S. aureus and E. coli by agar well diffusion method [27]. Omolo et al (2018) demonstrated that antibacterial activities of different nanosuspension formulations of fusidic acid delivered through poloxamer 188 were found better as compared to pure fucidic acid [28].…”

Formulation and Evaluation of Cefixime Nanosuspension for the Enhancement of Oral Bioavailability by Solvent-Antisolvent Method and its Suitable Method Development

“…They are very ready to focus on the medications to different indispensable organs by excellence of their submicron size or surface adjustments. 2,3…”