Synthesis of CCII-s by superimposing VFs and CFs through genetic operations

Abstract

Abstract:It is introduced a new genetic algorithm to synthesize the negative-type second generation current conveyor (CCII-) by superimposing a voltage follower (VF) with a current follower (CF). First, the VF and CF are described by binary genes. Second, the gene CF is inverted, rigth-shifted and multiplied (AND operation) with the gene VF to verify that both genes can be superimposed to synthesize the CCII-. Finally, some synthesized CCII-s are presented which electrical characteristics are measured using HSPICE and standard CMOS technology of 0.35 µm. Keywords: evolutionary electronics, circuit synthesis, current conveyor, nullor Classification: Integrated circuits References[1] E. Tlelo-Cuautle and M. A. Duarte-Villaseñor, Evolutionary electronics: automatic synthesis of analog circuits by GAs.

Behavioral Modeling of Mixed-Mode Integrated Circuits

“…Nowadays, the current conveyor has evolved into three generations with direct and inverting characteristics (Tlelo-Cuautle, Sánchez-López & Moro-Frias, 2010). All kinds of current conveyors work in mixed-mode and basically they are composed of unity gain cells (Soliman, 2009;Tlelo-Cuautle, Duarte-Villaseñor & Guerra-Gómez, 2008), which can be superimposed (Tlelo-Cuautle, Moro-Frias & Duarte-Villaseñor, 2008) to generate different kinds of active devices (Biolek et al, 2008), all of them useful for analog signal processing applications. Among the unity gain cells, the voltage mirror (Tlelo-Cuautle, Duarte-Villaseñor & Guerra-Gómez, 2008) and current mirror can be modeled by using nullators and norators (Tlelo-Cuautle, Sánchez-López, , but also they have the pathological representation introduced in (Saad & Soliman, 2010), and they can be used to model the behavior of active devices with inverting characteristics.…”

Symbolic analysis of analog circuits containing voltage mirrors and current mirrors

“…Furthermore, when the circuit to be analysed contains a VM which output is connected to a norator or the input of a CM or MO-CM, we need to apply the superimposing method given in [38], to generate a nullor network containing the same number of nullators and norators, in order to apply the symbolic NA formulation. Let's us consider the non-inverting and inverting lowpass filter using an inverting positive-type second generation current conveyor (ICCII?)…”

“…As one sees, the output of the VM is connected to the input of the CM. By applying the superimposing method from [38], we obtain the nullor-equivalent network shown in Fig. 6.…”

“…The norator is useful to model the behavior of the current follower (CF), and it can be superimposed with the VF to design more complex devices, e.g. current conveyors [38].…”

Symbolic analysis of (MO)(I)CCI(II)(III)‐based analog circuits

“…For instance, among the plethora of active devices, the current conveyor (CC) is a universal one [3,4], whose derivations are known as first generation CC (CCI) [5][6][7], second generation CC (CCII) [8][9][10][11][12][13], and third generation CC (CCIII) [14,15]. These three kinds of CCs have been designed to provide tunable characteristics [16,17], and also they have their inverting topologies [18,19].…”