Synthesis of Cationic Waterborne Polyurethanes from Waste Frying Oil as Antibacterial Film Coatings

Abstract

Cationic waterborne polyurethane (CWPU) was synthesized from waste frying oil and utilized as antibacterial film coatings. Waste oil-based monoglyceride was synthesized by the alcoholysis reaction of waste oil with glycerol, while CWPUs were prepared by esterification with methylenediphenyl 4,4′-diisocyanate (MDI) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride (BHMAC) as an internal emulsifier. The effect of internal emulsifier contents on the chemical structures and properties of the obtained polyurethanes was studied. Bactericidal activity of the obtained polyurethanes toward Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was investigated using the time kill assay. CWPUs were successfully synthesized as confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Effects of the internal emulsifier on particle size of CWPUs and mechanical properties of the resulting polyurethane films were investigated and measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Particle size diameter of CWPUs ranged from 13.38 to 28.75 nm. The resulting polyurethane films were very pliable, with moderate adhesion and hardness. All films showed good resistance to water and diluted acid but poor resistance to dilute alkali. Obtained CWPUs provided excellent antibacterial activity, with efficiency increasing with increasing amount of BHMAC. Interestingly, antibacterial ability against S. aureus was more rapid than that against E. coli under similar conditions. Results offered an alternative utilization of waste frying oil as a sustainable raw material for the preparation of value-added polymers in the chemical industry.

Chemical and mechanical resistance of waterborne polyurethane/graphene (WPU/GO) nanocomposite coatings

“…For example, glucose and sulfamate double-modified biodegradable waterborne polyurethane have been shown to have better acid resistance properties, which may affect the formation of bubbles [30] . Similarly, cationic waterborne polyurethanes synthesized from waste frying oil have been found to exhibit resistance to both acid and alkaline environments, which may impact bubble formation [31] . Despite this, after the weight loss, it can be observed that Fickian diffusion behavior takes place, typically indicating liquid uptake and a plateau region after saturation [28,32] .…”

Making a new bromo-containing cellulosic dye with antibacterial properties for use on various fabrics using computational research

“…Additionally, as WPUA particles are well dispersed in aqueous media as dual colloidal systems, waterborne polyurethanes (WPUA) appear to be becoming more common as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional polyurethanes as dispersing and/or binding agents 45 , 46 . The dispersion stability and particle size of MCPT were tracked among MCPT aqueous dispersion and aqueous 1% WPUA.…”

Synthesis and Properties of Cationic Core-Shell Fluorinated Polyurethane Acrylate

“…Waterborne resins have hydrophilic groups with high surface energy but low water and solvent resistance; waterborne polyurethanes are an important family of ecologically benign waterborne resins with good mechanical and physical properties [ 7 , 8 ]. However, cationic aqueous polyurethanes with sulfur or ammonium ions in the side chain or main chain have a strong hygroscopicity and bactericidal activity and they are frequently used to treat surfaces made of paper, leather, cloth, and glass [ 9 ]. Acrylates have good water resistance and double bonding aids in the formation of a crosslinked structure; therefore, combining them with aqueous polyurethanes can result in composite emulsions with outstanding overall performance [ 10 ].…”