Synthesis of cationic polyacrylamide via inverse emulsion polymerization method for the application in water treatment

Cheng, Zhenqi; Dong, Zhengfeng; Su, Mingji; Zhang, Yuhong; Wang, Zhiguo; He, Peixin

doi:10.1080/10601325.2018.1547113

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The polymer prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization has the advantages of fast dissolution and narrow molecular weight distribution, 6 and avoids the defects of easy crosslinking and wide molecular weight distribution of products prepared by aqueous polymerization. Many excellent polymer have been prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization, such as cationic flocculant P (AM‐DMC)) (CPAM), poly([methacrylic acid]‐co‐acrylamide) hydrogel nanoparticles crosslinked with methylenebisacrylamide and so on 7,8 . This method can also be used to prepare paper retention aids, 9 wastewater treatment agents, 10 super absorbent materials for paper, oil displacement agents 20 , and other products 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of super high concentration cationic polyacrylamide emulsion and its flocculation with cationic polymers

Yang

Chen²,

Liang

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A super high concentration cationic polyacrylamide emulsion (CPAME‐uhc) was prepared by inverse emulsion polymerization. The influence of its cationic degree and molecular weight on flocculation property was discussed. Then, the chemical structure and micromorphology of the obtained CPAME‐uhc were characterized by Fourier infrared spectrum (FT‐IR), NMR hydrogen spectrum (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Finally, the synergistic flocculation effects of CPAME‐uhc respectively with polydimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDADMAC), poly methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (PDMC), cationic starch (CS), cationic guar gum (CHPG), cationic chitosan (CTS), and polyamine (PA) on the CPAME‐uhc were investigated. The results showed that the optimum cationic degree and molecular weight of CPAME‐uhc were 25% and 12 million, respectively. FT‐IR and 1H NMR analysis showed that the product was a copolymer of acryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide. GPC analysis confirmed that the molecular weight distribution of CPAME‐uhc product was very narrow. SEM shows that the latex particles of CPAME‐uhc are regular spheres with a diameter of 200 to 500 nm. When CPAME‐uhc is respectively combined with five cationic polymers in a certain proportion, all of them show good synergistic flocculation to papermaking wastewater. The order of synergistic flocculation effect is: CPAME‐uhc/PDADMAC > CPAME‐uhc/PDMC > CPAME‐uhc/CTS > CPAME‐uhc/CS > CPAME‐uhc/CHPG > CPAME‐uhc/PA. Finally, the mechanism of synergistic flocculation was proposed. This study provides a theoretical and research basis for the preparation of CPAME‐uhc and its application in the treatment of papermaking wastewater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of super high concentration cationic polyacrylamide emulsion and its flocculation with cationic polymers

Yang

Chen²,

Liang

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Therefore, gradually, another kind of cationic polymer P(DAC-AM) replaced its market dominance. Over more than 20 years, however, many researchers investigated how to obtain a high intrinsic viscosity polymer by adjusting the process parameters in the polymerization reaction system [49][50][51]. In 2019, based on the processing characters used by Tang Li in the homopolymerization process [48], our group established a new synthetic method for P(DMC-AM) to obtain products with serialized cationicities of 10~90% and corresponding high molecular weights of 18~14 dL/g [19], which were the highest intrinsic viscosity values reported for these products with the same cationicity.…”

Section: Progress In the Synthesis Of Dac (Or Dmc) Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Typical Quaternary Ammonium Salt Polymers

Zhang

Jia

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Quaternary ammonium salt polymers, a kind of polyelectrolyte with a quaternary ammonium group, are widely used in traditional and emerging industries due to their good water-solubility, adjustable cationicity and molecular weight, high efficiency and nontoxicity. In this paper, firstly, the properties and several synthesis methods of typical quaternary ammonium salt monomers were introduced. Secondly, the research progress on the synthesis of polymers was summarized from the perspective of obtaining products with high molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution and high monomer conversion, and special functional polymers. Thirdly, the relationships between the structures and properties of the polymer were analyzed from the perspectives of molecular weight, charge density, structural stability, and microstructural regulation of the polymer chain unit. Fourthly, typical examples of quaternary ammonium salt polymers in the application fields of water treatment, daily chemicals, petroleum exploitation, papermaking, and textile printing and dyeing were listed. Finally, constructive suggestions were put forward on developing quaternary ammonium salt polymers with high molecular weights, strengthening the research on the relationships between the structures and their properties and pinpointing relevant application fields.

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“…Polyacrylamide, a water–soluble polymer formed by the polymerization of acrylamide monomers, is among the most used chemicals for wastewater treatment and sludge dewatering [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is one of the most widely applied polymers due to its high performance in flocculation, sludge dewatering, and harvesting microalgae [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CPAM synthesized by the grafting method is biodegradable but not stable; it has a short storage time and has low molecular weight [ 24 ]. Free radical polymerization by inverse emulsion is considered a better method to generate CPAM with a high molecular weight, faster reaction rate, high conversion efficiency, and ease of controlling the temperature of the reaction [ 12 , 25 ]. In studying the fusion reaction of water–in–oil (W/O) emulsions of CPAM, Barari et al showed the influence of factors such as stirring speed, reaction time, reaction temperature, initiator content, and emulsifier content on the average molecular weight of the obtained polymer, as well as the conversion efficiency of the reaction [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Conditions of Cationic Polyacrylamide Inverse Emulsion Synthesis Reaction to Obtain High–Molecular–Weight Polymers

Nguyen

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) emulsifier is widely applied in the wastewater treatment industry, mining industry, paper industry, cosmetic chemistry, etc. However, optimization of input parameters in the synthesis of CPAM by using the traditional approach (i.e., changing one factor while leaving the others fixed at a particular set of conditions) would require a long time and a high cost of input materials. Onsite mass production of CPAM requires fast optimization of input parameters (i.e., stirring speed, reaction temperature and time, the amount of initiator, etc.) to minimize the production cost of specific–molecular–weight CPAM. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized CPAM using reverse emulsion copolymerization, and proposed response surface models for predicting the average molecular weight and reaction yield based on those input parameters. This study offers a time–saving tool for onsite mass production of specific–molecular–weight CPAM. Based on our response surface models, we obtained the optimal conditions for the synthesis of CPAM emulsions, which yielded medium–molecular–weight polymers and high conversion, with a reaction temperature of 60–62 °C, stirring speed of 2500–2600 rpm, and reaction time of 7 h. Quadratic models showed a good fit for predicting molecular weight (Adj.R2 = 0.9888, coefficient of variation = 2.08%) and reaction yield (Adj.R2 = 0.9982, coefficient of variation = 0.50%). The models suggested by our study would benefit the cost–minimization of CPAM mass production, where one could find optimal conditions for synthesizing different molecular weights of CPAM more quickly than via the traditional approach.

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Synthesis of cationic polyacrylamide via inverse emulsion polymerization method for the application in water treatment

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Preparation of super high concentration cationic polyacrylamide emulsion and its flocculation with cationic polymers

Preparation of super high concentration cationic polyacrylamide emulsion and its flocculation with cationic polymers

Research Progress on Typical Quaternary Ammonium Salt Polymers

Optimizing the Conditions of Cationic Polyacrylamide Inverse Emulsion Synthesis Reaction to Obtain High–Molecular–Weight Polymers

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