Synthesis of cationic polyacrylamide by aqueous two‐phase polymerization in poly(ethylene glycol) chloride solution

Liu, Zaiman; Ya-Ling, Wei; Li, Baiyu; He, Naipu

doi:10.1002/app.37839

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Pure CPAM shows a broad peak of NH stretching at 3407 cm −1 , two characteristic peaks of CONH 2 and CN + at 1676 and 1453 cm −1 , respectively. [ 45 ] HBPE shows a broad peak of OH stretching at 3411 cm −1 and a peak of COO group at 1735 cm −1 . [ 46 ] In comparison, CPAM&HBPE also exhibits these characteristic peaks, but the H‐bonding and CONH 2 peaks show a blueshifted to 3364 and 1660 cm −1 , indicating the formation of intermolecular H‐bonding between the CONH 2 of CPAM and the OH groups of HBPE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Heteropolar Lithium Polysulfides by Amphoteric Polymer Binder for Facile Manufacturing of Practical Li‐S Batteries

Xiao

et al. 2022

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Enabling efficient and durable charge storage under high sulfur loading and lean electrolyte remains a paramount challenge for Li‐S battery technology to truly demonstrate its commercial viability. This work reports an amphoteric polymer binder, whose negatively and positively charged moieties allow for coregulation of both lithium cations and heteropolar lithium polysulfides through multiple intermolecular interactions. These interactions and the physical properties lead to simultaneously improved Li+ transport, polysulfide adsorption and catalysis, cathode robustness and anode stability. Therefore, this multifunctional binder endows Li‐S batteries with compelling overall performances even under rigorous conditions. At low sulfur loading and copious electrolyte, the cell shows a low capacity‐fading rate of 0.056% cycle‐1 upon 700 cycles. At sulfur loading of 6.8 mg cm–2 and low E/S of 6 µL mg–1, the cell still delivers stable areal capacities between 4.2 and 4.8 mAh cm–2 in 50 cycles without obvious decay at 0.2 C. The commercial feasibility of this work is further manifested by its zero added weight, low material cost, and ease of manufacturing and scale‐up. The efficacy and simplicity of this work symbolize an example of lab‐scale battery research aiming at improved technology and manufacturing readiness level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Heteropolar Lithium Polysulfides by Amphoteric Polymer Binder for Facile Manufacturing of Practical Li‐S Batteries

Xiao

et al. 2022

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“…CPAM was prepared by reverse emulsion copolymerization via the free radical mechanism, with AM:DMC ratio of 1:4 ( Figure 1 ). The protocol of Liu et al was followed, with some modifications [ 32 ]. Each reaction was conducted in a 500 mL, three–necked, round–bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermometer, a glass spigot, and a high–purity nitrogen inlet/outlet ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Conditions of Cationic Polyacrylamide Inverse Emulsion Synthesis Reaction to Obtain High–Molecular–Weight Polymers

Nguyen

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) emulsifier is widely applied in the wastewater treatment industry, mining industry, paper industry, cosmetic chemistry, etc. However, optimization of input parameters in the synthesis of CPAM by using the traditional approach (i.e., changing one factor while leaving the others fixed at a particular set of conditions) would require a long time and a high cost of input materials. Onsite mass production of CPAM requires fast optimization of input parameters (i.e., stirring speed, reaction temperature and time, the amount of initiator, etc.) to minimize the production cost of specific–molecular–weight CPAM. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized CPAM using reverse emulsion copolymerization, and proposed response surface models for predicting the average molecular weight and reaction yield based on those input parameters. This study offers a time–saving tool for onsite mass production of specific–molecular–weight CPAM. Based on our response surface models, we obtained the optimal conditions for the synthesis of CPAM emulsions, which yielded medium–molecular–weight polymers and high conversion, with a reaction temperature of 60–62 °C, stirring speed of 2500–2600 rpm, and reaction time of 7 h. Quadratic models showed a good fit for predicting molecular weight (Adj.R2 = 0.9888, coefficient of variation = 2.08%) and reaction yield (Adj.R2 = 0.9982, coefficient of variation = 0.50%). The models suggested by our study would benefit the cost–minimization of CPAM mass production, where one could find optimal conditions for synthesizing different molecular weights of CPAM more quickly than via the traditional approach.

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“…34 For the preparation of CPAMs, plenty of methods have been developed, and it has been concluded that the aqueous two-phase polymerization (ATPP) has obvious advantages. [35][36][37][38][39][40] It employs no organic solvents, and the product can be directly applied as prepared.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of salt in the aqueous two-phase copolymerization of acrylamide and cationic monomers: from screening to anion-bridging

et al. 2016

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The aqueous two-phase copolymerization (ATPP) of acrylamide and cationic monomers was carried out in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) aqueous solution. The effects of inorganic salts on the ATPP process were systematically investigated and obvious differences were observed between univalent and multivalent anions. For the ATPP system with added univalent anions such as Cl À , the critical conversion for the phase separation decreased as the particle size increased, but the polymerization kinetics and final molecular weight of the copolymers were similar with that of the salt-free system. However, after adding multivalent anions such as SO 4 2À into the ATPP system, the critical conversion for the phase separation decreased sharply, the polymerization rate slowed down, the final molecular weight of the copolymers increased, and the particle size greatly increased. Moreover, the system underwent a unique particle formation process. A mechanism for the role of anions in the ATPP process was proposed. The saltingout effects of the univalent anions screen the electrostatic repulsion between cationic species and lead to the formation of gravel-like particles. But for multivalent anions, when the concentration is low, their salting-out effect is involved in the particle formation process and results in the formation of gravel-like particles as well. When the concentration becomes high, their bridge effect is dominant, making large and spherical particles appear.

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Synthesis of cationic polyacrylamide by aqueous two‐phase polymerization in poly(ethylene glycol) chloride solution

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Harnessing Heteropolar Lithium Polysulfides by Amphoteric Polymer Binder for Facile Manufacturing of Practical Li‐S Batteries

Harnessing Heteropolar Lithium Polysulfides by Amphoteric Polymer Binder for Facile Manufacturing of Practical Li‐S Batteries

Optimizing the Conditions of Cationic Polyacrylamide Inverse Emulsion Synthesis Reaction to Obtain High–Molecular–Weight Polymers

Role of salt in the aqueous two-phase copolymerization of acrylamide and cationic monomers: from screening to anion-bridging

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