“…At the moment, aqueous solutions of metal chlorides or nitrates (e.g. RuCl 3 , AgNO 3 , and Fe(NO 3 ) 2 ) are most often employed to encapsulate the SWNTs by the ex situ approach from the liquid phase (Chen et al, 1997;Monthioux, 2002;Monthioux et al, 2006) (Fig. 3) Another popular solvent is nitric acid, which is used due to its low surface tension (43 mN·m -1 ), allows avoiding a separate opening procedure (Zhang et al, 2003).…”
Section: Filling Of Single-walled Nanotubes From the Liquid Phasementioning
“…At the moment, aqueous solutions of metal chlorides or nitrates (e.g. RuCl 3 , AgNO 3 , and Fe(NO 3 ) 2 ) are most often employed to encapsulate the SWNTs by the ex situ approach from the liquid phase (Chen et al, 1997;Monthioux, 2002;Monthioux et al, 2006) (Fig. 3) Another popular solvent is nitric acid, which is used due to its low surface tension (43 mN·m -1 ), allows avoiding a separate opening procedure (Zhang et al, 2003).…”
Section: Filling Of Single-walled Nanotubes From the Liquid Phasementioning
“…Also, the metal-salt solvent bath can used on previously opened tubes. In the physical method no solvent is used in the process and opened tubes are directly immersed in the molten material whereby the liquid is driven into the tube by capillary forces [12][13][14]. The enclosed material can be modified by a subsequent treatment (thermal treatment [11] or electron irradiation [12]).…”
Filling hollow carbon nanotubes with chosen materials opens new possibilities of generating nearly onedimensional nanostrutures. One simple approach to fill nanotubes is to use capillarity forces. Here, we have studied the wetting and capillarity by metal salts. First, nanotubes were opened by oxidation in air; subsequently, nanotubes were immersed in molten salts. We have observed a size-dependence filling indicating a lowering of the cavity-salt interface energy with decreasing diameter. By expressing the wetting conditions as a function of polarizabilities, it is possible to predict the threshold diameter for capillary filling of different materials.
PACS: 61.46+w; 68.45.Gd; 61.16.BgFullerenes and other related graphitic structures have many fascinating electronic, chemical, and mechanical properties. They are particularly interesting for the nanomaterials research in order to develop substances with predefined properties oriented towards specific technological applications.
“…Carbon nanotubes have been used as templates for preparing zirconia nanotubes [31], metal nanowires [32][33][34][35][36] and carbide- [37], nitride- [28,38], phosphide- [39], and d-and fblock transition metal oxides nanorods [32,[40][41][42][43][44]. In this paper we describe the generation of crystalline ZnO nanorods, with diameters in the range of 20-40 nm and length in the 250-1000 nm range, by templating with carbon nanotubes.…”
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