Synthesis of carbon nanoparticles from commercially available liquified petroleum gas

How to Read and Interpret FTIR Spectroscope of Organic Material

“…In short, since LR is vulnerable against heat, this should be the decomposition of organic component into carbon material. The change in the FTIR peak and pattern was found when heating at temperature that higher than 180°C, in which the FTIR pattern was near to the carbon as explained in the literature (Nandiyanto et al, 2016, Nandiyanto et al, 2017.…”

“…This can be used as a standard ftir peaks for organic materials, related to protein, carbohydrate, fat, etc. (Chiang et al, 1999) Ring deformation of phenyl (Schulz and Baranska, 2007) 2 929** about 930 carbon-related component Carbon (Nandiyanto et al, 2016, Nandiyanto et al, 2017 Carbohydrate (Huleihel et al, 2002,Mordechai et al, 2001 C-O-O-C (Paluszkiewicz and Kwiatek, 2001) C-O stretching coupled with C-O bending of the C-OH of carbohydrates (Wang et al, 1997) Glycogen (Wood et al, 1998) C-O-C stretching (nucleic acids and phospholipids), C-O-C stretching of DNA and RNA (Fabian et al, 1995) Indicates a degree of oxidative damage to DNA (Andrus and Strickland, 1998) Phosphate, oligosaccharides, PO2-stretching modes, P-O-C antisymmetric stretching mode of phosphate ester, and C-OH stretching of oligosaccharides (Yoshida et al, 1997) Phosphate I band for two different C-O vibrations of deoxyribose in DNA in A and B forms of helix or ordering structure (Dovbeshko et al, 2002) C-O in carbohydrates (Fung et al, 1996) C-O of proteins and carbohydrates, stretching modes of the C-OH groups of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues of cellular proteins, hydrogen-bonded stretching mode of C-OH groups Protein (serine, threosine, and tyrosine) and collagen (Fung et al, 1996) CO stretching, stretching vibrations of hydrogen-bonding C-OH groups (Wang et al, 1997) Mainly from the C-O stretching mode of C-OH groups of serine, threosine, and tyrosine of proteins (Fujioka et al, 2004) C-C, C-OH, C-O stretching (Wong et al, 1993, Yang et al, 2005 C-O-C, ring (polysaccharides, cellulose) (Shetty et al, 2006) CH deformations (Schulz and Baranska, 2007) C-O stretching band of collagen (type I) (Fukuyama et al, 1999) Mainly from the C-O stretching mode of C-OH groups of serine, threosine, and tyrosine of proteins (Yang et al, 2005) n(CC), d(COH), n(CO) stretching (Lucassen et al, 1998…”

“…Carbon-related component carbon (Nandiyanto et al, 2016, Nandiyanto et al, 2017 (Dovbeshko et al, 2000) Less characteristic, due to aliphatic side groups of the amino acid residues (Chiriboga et al, 1998) CH3 of proteins, symmetric bending modes of methyl groups in skeletal proteins, CH3 of collagen (Fung et al, 1996) Asymmetric CH3 bending modes of the methyl groups of proteins (Fujioka et al, 2004) (CH3) asymmetric (Fujioka et al, 2004, Lucassen et al, 1998, Wong et al, 1991, Yang et al, 2005 CH3 bending vibration (lipids and proteins) (Fabian et al, 1995) Extremely weak peaks of DNA & RNA arises mainly from the vibrational modes of methyl and methylene groups of proteins and lipids and amide groups (Wang et al, 1997) Asymmetric CH3bending modes of the methyl groups of proteins (Fujioka et al, 2004) 9 1522 1517-1526 Amide II Protein (Amide II) (Paluszkiewicz and Kwiatek, 2001) Stretching C=N, C=C, C=N guanine (Dovbeshko et al, 2000) 10 1633 1630-1635 Amide I Protein (Amide I) (Wood et al, 1998) C-C stretch of phenyl (Schulz and Baranska, 2007) C=C uracyl, C=O (Dovbeshko et al, 2000) Amide I (Eckel et al, 2001) (Eckel et al, 2001) C=O, C=N, N-H of adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine (Dovbeshko et al, 2002) O-H bending (water) (Fabian et al, 1995) Amide I absorption (predominantly the C=O stretching vibration of the amide C=O) (Wood et al, 1996, Wood et al, 1998 Protein amide I absorption, C2=O cytosine (Dovbeshko et al, 2000) C=O, stretching C=C uracyl, NH2 guanine Peptide amide I (Andrus, 2006, Sukuta and…”

One-step synthesis and characterization of carbon nanospheres via natural gas condensate pyrolysis

“…Mohammad et al [29] synthesized CNSs form the incomplete combustion of diesel with controlled air oxygen in special type of round bottom flax of glass, with size in the range of about 10-80nm in diameter. In addition, Nandiyanto et al [30] synthesized small CNSs from commercially available liquefied petroleum gas using a homemade burner that was connected with a flow of air (600 mL/min). It could be clearly observed that catalyst, temperature, carrier gas and reactor design are the key parameters for converting raw material into reactive carbon clusters which would undergo the self-assembly process to generate carbon nanospheres.…”

Harvesting Cooling Effect on LPG-Fueled Vehicles for Mini Cooler: A Lab-Scale Investigation

“…One of the prospective method is using liquified petroleum gas (LPG) (Nandiyanto et al, 2016). This gas is good since it has environmental friendly chemicals compared to other type of energy source (Andika and Valentina, 2016;Laaraba and Khechekhouche, 2018).…”