Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials from Biomass Utilizing Ionic Liquids for Potential Application in Solar Energy Conversion and Storage

Mugadza, Kudzai; Stark, Annegret; Ndungu, Patrick; Nyamori, Vincent O.

doi:10.3390/ma13183945

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 220 publications

(251 reference statements)

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“…1,23 For instance, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), due to their high surface area to volume ratio and facile surface functionalization that promotes polarizability, have been reported as suitable electrodes for charge storage devices. 21,[24][25][26][27] However, the specific capacitance of MWCNTs is far below the theoretical values of 400-500 F g −1 . 28,29 The current drawbacks of carbon-based materials include their low capacitive characteristics, partly because of poor polarizability and wettability associated with the electrode surfaces, which limit the available surfaces for energy storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition of anatase titania on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for electrochemical capacitors

Mombeshora

Muchuweni

Davies

et al. 2022

Energy Science & Engineering

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In practice, the capacitance from the electrochemical double layer formation on porous carbon‐based electrodes is still below preferred values, limiting their use in electrochemical capacitors. The current drive is to innovate ways that generate additional capacitance in the electrochemical double layer capacitive nature of carbon nanomaterials towards both a high specific energy density (Es) and power density (Ps). Herein we report the use of metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) to coat multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) to induce pseudocapacitive charge storage characteristics on a carbon‐based electrode. The study shows that MWCNTs were coated in bundles, and targeted TiO2 loadings were successfully attained, though the TiO2 agglomerates also increased with TiO2 wt.%. The 10 wt.% TiO2 TiO2‐MWCNT material displayed the best capacitive behavior with associated specific discharge capacitance (Cd), Es, and Ps values of 907 F kg−1, 55.56 Wh kg−1, and 2.78 W kg−1 at 0.1 A g−1, respectively, due to the synergistic effect of the two components of the composite. Additionally, the integral capacitance (Cs) of the 20 wt.% TiO2 material was enhanced more than 5000‐fold relative to that of the 5 wt.% TiO2 TiO2‐MWCNT composite at higher scan speeds of 100 and 200 mV s−1. Electrochemical measurements further demonstrated the possible positive tuning of capacitive characteristics (charge/discharge rates, Cd and Cs) with TiO2 wt.% control. The MOCVD synthesis method imparted the TiO2‐MWCNT composites with suitable traits that showed high potential in improving physicochemical processes favorable in electrical energy storage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition of anatase titania on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for electrochemical capacitors

Mombeshora

Muchuweni

Davies

et al. 2022

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…Other liquids and oils such as eucalyptus oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil, and turpentine oil can also be carbon precursors. Several works representing the usage of plant, plant extract or plant-based biomass in synthesizing CNMs are available and compiled [138,[148][149][150]. Table 5 shows other potential details of CNMs derived from various low-cost, abundant waste.…”

Section: Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the recent trend in the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials derived from oil palm by-product materials

Zakaria

Rozali

Mubarak

et al. 2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Grown only in humid tropical conditions, the palm tree provides high-quality oil essential for cooking and personal care or biofuel in the energy sector. After the refining process, this demand could cause numerous oil palm biomass waste management problems. However, the emergence of carbon nanomaterials or CNMs could be a great way to put this waste to a good cause. The composition of the palm waste can be used as a green precursor or starting materials for synthesizing CNMs. Hence, this review paper summarizes the recent progress for the CNMs production for the past 10 years. This review paper extensively discusses the method for processing CNMs, chemical vapor deposition, pyrolysis, and microwave by the current synthesis method. The parameters and conditions of the synthesis are also analyzed. The application of the CNMs from palm oil and future recommendations are also highlighted. Generally, this paper could be a handy guide in assisting the researchers in exploring economic yet simple procedures in synthesizing carbon-based nanostructured materials derived from palm oil that can fulfill the required applications.

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“…The use of a waste material derived from a highly controlled manufacturing process, such as tires, leads to benefits over other natural or waste nanomaterials precursors. Biomass overcome the disadvantages of the use of not-renewable resources [41,78]; however, their complex composition and processability are obstacles to the synthesis of nanomaterials with homogeneous characteristics [79,80]. Moreover, waste samples frequently are crushed and sieved to separate the desired size fraction before its use [81][82][83][84].…”

Section: Particle Size and Dispersion Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Chemically Activated Pyrolytic Carbon Black Derived from Waste Tires as a Candidate for Nanomaterial Precursor

et al. 2020

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Pyrolysis is a feasible solution for environmental problems related to the inadequate disposal of waste tires, as it leads to the recovery of pyrolytic products such as carbon black, liquid fuels and gases. The characteristics of pyrolytic carbon black can be enhanced through chemical activation in order to produce the required properties for its application. In the search to make the waste tire pyrolysis process profitable, new applications of the pyrolytic solid products have been explored, such as for the fabrication of energy-storage devices and precursor in the synthesis of nanomaterials. In this study, waste tires powder was chemically activated using acid (H2SO4) and/or alkali (KOH) to recover pyrolytic carbon black with different characteristics. H2SO4 removed surface impurities more thoroughly, improving the carbon black’s surface area, while KOH increased its oxygen content, which improved the carbon black’s stability in water suspension. Pyrolytic carbon black was fully characterized by elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and ζ potential measurement. In addition, the pyrolytic carbon black was used to explore its feasibility as a precursor for the synthesis of carbon dots; synthesized carbon dots were analyzed preliminarily by SEM and with a fluorescence microplate reader, revealing differences in their morphology and fluorescence intensity. The results presented in this study demonstrate the effect of the activating agent on pyrolytic carbon black from waste tires and provide evidence of the feasibility of using waste tires for the synthesis of nanomaterials such as carbon dots.

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Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials from Biomass Utilizing Ionic Liquids for Potential Application in Solar Energy Conversion and Storage

Cited by 19 publications

References 220 publications

Metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition of anatase titania on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for electrochemical capacitors

Metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition of anatase titania on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for electrochemical capacitors

A review of the recent trend in the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials derived from oil palm by-product materials

Characterization of Chemically Activated Pyrolytic Carbon Black Derived from Waste Tires as a Candidate for Nanomaterial Precursor

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