Synthesis of Carbon Encapsulated Mono‐ and Multi‐Iron Nanoparticles

Abstract

Core–shell nanostructures of carbon encapsulated iron nanoparticles (CEINPs) show unique properties and technological applications, because carbon shell provides extreme chemical stability and protects pure iron core against oxidation without impairing the possibility of functionalization of the carbon surface. Enhancing iron core magnetic properties and, in parallel, improving carbon shell sealing are the two major challenges in the synthesis of CEINPs. Here, we present the synthesis of both CEINPs and a new carbon encapsulated multi-iron nanoparticle by a new modified arc discharge reactor. The nanoparticle size, composition, and crystallinity and the magnetic properties have been studied. The morphological properties were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In order to evaluate carbon shell protection, the iron cores were characterized by selected area diffraction and fast Fourier transform techniques as well as by electron energy loss and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopies. Afterward, the magnetic properties were investigated using a superconducting quantum interference device. As main results, spherical, oval, and multi-iron cores were controllably synthesized by this new modified arc discharge method. The carbon shell with high crystallinity exhibited sufficient protection against oxidation of pure iron cores. The presented results also provided new elements for understanding the growth mechanism of iron core and carbon shell.

Magnetic Hybrid Carbon via Graphitization of Polystyrene–co‐Divinylbenzene: Morphology, Structure and Adsorption Properties

“…In addition, the hybrid graphitic material shows macroscopic magnetic properties (Figure S4, Supporting Information). Magnetically guided systems, which can be moved by magnetic fields to achieve a desired spatial location, are materials suitable for many applications, such as wastewater purification, catalysis, photocatalysis, magnetic resonance imaging, release of active species/drug delivery processes . Magnetic properties of the hybrid graphitic carbons are associated with iron and cementite nanoparticles, which have been found to be encapsulated in graphitic shells, thus preserving the nature of the magnetic nanoparticles.…”

Size Control of Carbon Encapsulated Iron Nanoparticles by Arc Discharge Plasma Method

“…Four major phases are considered to describe the formation of CEINPs: evaporation, According to previous studies [32][33][34], optimum parameters are kept constant and only influences of the Argon/Helium and their mixtures are studied to explain growth mechanism from this perspective. Four major phases are considered to describe the formation of CEINPs: evaporation, According to previous studies [32][33][34], optimum parameters are kept constant and only influences of the Argon/Helium and their mixtures are studied to explain growth mechanism from this perspective. Four major phases are considered to describe the formation of CEINPs: evaporation, expansion, growth of iron core and carbon shell.…”

Multilayer Graphene Encapsulation on the Fe Nanoparticles Starting from Fe Chloride Precursors

“…The interest of the magnetic nanoparticles has increased due to their various application fields [1,2]. Magnetic iron nanoparticles were used as drug or gene delivery agents at cancer treatments like hyperthermia, diseases detections and imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging [1,3,4].…”