Synthesis of biosorbents from natural/agricultural biomass wastes and sustainable green technology for treatment of nanoparticle metals in municipal and industrial wastewater

Plant celluloses, hemicelluloses, lignins, and volatile oils for the synthesis of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials

“…The biosorbents of nanoparticles fabricated from agricultural biomass with high hemicellulose content was used to eliminate heavy metals from industrial and municipal wastewater systems. 325 Similarly, biocomposite fibers from Eleocharis dulcis with high hemicellulose content and incorporated with nanosized iron particles can be employed for wastewater treatment by the textile industry. 326 Therefore, research on biosynthesized hemicellulose-based nanoparticles and nanocomposites for various applications should be considered a priority.…”

Utilization of Powdered Cassava Stem as an Alternative Bioadsorbent for Lead (Pb²⁺) Removal from Aqueous Solution

“…This happens because there are several adsorption functional groups that have active groups proportional to the area of the adsorbent. When the active adsorbent group has been saturated, the increase in adsorbate will decrease, but if the state of the active adsorbent group has not been saturated by adsorbate, then the increase in the concentration of adsorbate has increased the amount of adsorbate adsorbed (Oscik, 1982) [10]. The increase in the number of Pb2 + metal ions bound is due to the metal ions which are bound to the active cellulose group as a result of separation and cassava stem powder increase so that the number of metal ions adsorbed is proportional to the number of active groups in the adsorbent.…”

“…On the other hand, green and low cost biosorbents can be prepared from these agricultural wastes. Biosorbents have been reported to have high removal efficiency of pollutants from wastewater [10]. There have been numerous researchers that studied about the use of natural adsorbent for removal of Pb.…”

Biomass: A Versatile Resource for Biofuel, Industrial, and Environmental Solution

“…These materials have a strong affinity for heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions, collecting and immobilizing them by processes such as ion exchange, surface complexation, and physical sorption [232], [233]. Furthermore, biomass-derived sorbents often include functional groups including hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups, significantly increasing their metal adsorption capability and selectivity [234], [235].…”