Synthesis of Biolubricant Trimethylolpropane Trioleate and Its Lubricant Base Oil Properties

Qiao, Sen; Shi, Yujun; Wang, Xiaojuan; Lin, Zhenxing; Jiang, Yunxuan

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00876

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Using conventional methods for the synthesis of fatty acid esters of higher polyols (eg, using homogeneous sulfonic acid catalyst) is difficult to achieve the similar valuable results (yield and selectivity to full esters). High‐purity fatty acid esters can be obtain but only after high vacuum distillation of the crude product . High conversions of fatty acid, even close to 99%, have been reported, but in this process, an excess of fatty acid was used, which must be removed from crude product in order to obtain the final product .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-purity fatty acid esters can be obtain but only after high vacuum distillation of the crude product. 42,43 High conversions of fatty acid, even close to 99%, have been reported, but in this process, an excess of fatty acid was used, which must be removed from crude product in order to obtain the final product. 17 No side reactions were observed during our process.…”

Section: Esterification Of Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of above listed difficulties can be avoided by the use of heterogeneous catalyst. In literature, we can be find many of specific and effective catalysts used in the synthesis of polyol fatty acid esters, in particular acidic Zr, Al, Si mixed oxides, superacids, and heteropolyacids . Heterogeneous catalysts are characterised by several advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In literature, we can be find many of specific and effective catalysts used in the synthesis of polyol fatty acid esters, in particular acidic Zr, Al, Si mixed oxides, superacids, and heteropolyacids. [38][39][40][41][42][43] Heterogeneous catalysts are characterised by several advantages. Unfortunately, economically acceptable uses of heterogeneous catalysts require their recovery and reuse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tribological characterisation of plant oil derived fatty acid esters of higher polyols: Comparative experimental study

Nowicki

Drabik

Woszczyński

et al. 2019

Lubrication Science

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In this paper, we present the study on the synthesis, physico‐chemical, and tribological characterisation of selected plant‐derived fatty acids esters of higher polyols. We described here more effective method synthesis of desired esters with high yields and high selectivities. In our novel and improved synthesis protocol, we applied homogeneous Sn catalysts. Physico‐chemical characterisation and lubricating properties of synthesised esters have been determined and discussed. Our results showed that the synthesised esters are characterised by excellent viscosity, good low temperature, and lubrication properties. High thermal resistance is the main benefit of synthesised esters. For fatty acid esters of trimethylolpropane dimer, onset temperatures are around 400°C and decomposition temperatures above 460°C, which makes these esters applicable in higher temperature.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Esterification Of Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tribological characterisation of plant oil derived fatty acid esters of higher polyols: Comparative experimental study

Nowicki

Drabik

Woszczyński

et al. 2019

Lubrication Science

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“…Hence, results from the literature show that nano-sized particles, with disk-like or nanosheet morphology, provide better tribological performances as oil additives.This work aims to evaluate the tribological performance as well as the thermophysical and rheological properties of nanolubricants composed of h-BN nanoparticles (with an average size of 70 nm) dispersed in a synthetic ester oil, mainly composed of trimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO). This base oil was chosen because of the following properties: high viscosity index (VI = 190), high biodegradability (even higher than 90% in ecological environments), nonflammability, and good lubricity for boundary regimes [24][25][26][27]. In this regard, environmental issues and energy savings are encouraging the study of advanced lubricants as substitutes for mineral oils [26].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological and Thermophysical Properties of Environmentally-Friendly Lubricants Based on Trimethylolpropane Trioleate with Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoparticles as an Additive

et al. 2019

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Dispersions based on hexagonal boron nitride, h-BN, nanoparticles, at 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 wt.% mass concentrations, in an ester base oil composed mainly of trimethylolpropane trioleate, were investigated as potential nanolubricants. The stability of the dispersions was assessed to determine the reliability of the tribological, thermophysical and rheological measurements. Density and viscosity were measured from 278.15 to 373.15 K, while rheological behavior was analyzed at shear rates from 1 to 1000 s −1 at 283.15 K. Newtonian behavior was exhibited by all nanolubricants at the explored conditions, with the exception of the highest concentration at the lowest shear rates, where possible non-Newtonian behavior was observed. Tribological tests were performed under a normal load of 2.5 N. Wear was evaluated by means of a 3D profiler, scanning electron microscopy and confocal Raman microscopy. The best tribological performance was achieved by the 0.75 wt.% nanolubricant, with reductions of 25% in the friction coefficient, 9% in the scar width, 14% in the scar depth, and 22% of the transversal area, all with respect to the neat oil. It was observed that physical protective tribofilms are created between rubbing surfaces.Coatings 2019, 9, 509 2 of 17 relatively weak van der Waals interactions between loosely stacked h-BN sheets that provide excellent lubrication characteristics [9]. h-BN, the softest and most lubricious polymorph of BN, has both high thermal stability and thermal conductivity as well as numerous industrial applications, especially in metalworking processes where cleanliness of the working environment is required [10][11][12]. Additionally, h-BN is an environmentally-friendly material [13], which is being studied as a nanoadditive for liquid lubricants [14-22] because, compared with solid lubricants, liquid lubricant additives present advantages such as faster entrance and replenishment of the sliding interface, and easier removal of wear debris from the contact zone [23].With respect to the tribological behavior of nanolubricants containing h-BN nanoparticles, Mosleh et al. [14] found that when nanoparticles of h-BN, with irregular flake-like shapes and an average size of 70 nm, were dispersed in commercial sheet metal forming fluids, the friction coefficient for titanium-steel pairs showed little or no improvement; nevertheless, the wear reduction using the 1 wt.% h-BN nanodispersion was 55%. Çelik et al. [15] found that an engine oil (Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) 10 W) containing h-BN nanoparticles of disk-like shape with an average diameter of 114 nm and thickness of 30-70 nm, led to a 14.4% improvement in the friction coefficient and a 65% decrease in the wear rate with respect to the neat oil for an AISI 4140 steel material. Wan et al. [16] studied nanolubricants composed of a formulated oil 15W-40, a dispersant, and h-BN nanoparticles (disks with average diameter of 120 nm and a single layer thickness of around 30 nm), finding that the nanolubricants with low nanoparticle concentrations s...

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An environmentally friendly production of ester‐biolubricant from oleic acid

Ramos

Haro

Rodríguez

et al. 2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The production of oleic‐based trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters via the esterification reaction between oleic acid (OA) and TMP in a reactive distillation system, employing the environmentally friendly catalyst methanesulfonic acid, was explored. The homogeneous acid catalyst, the OA/TMP molar ratio within 1.0–3.0, the esterification reaction enhancement and a new purification technique, using choline hydroxide (ChOH), for obtaining choline carboxylate as a subproduct, were studied. It was found that using an OA/TMP molar ratio of 3.0, only unreacted OA remained as an impurity. The deleterious or beneficial effect of intermediate products, unreacted OA and temperature on the kinematic viscosity were unraveled. The kinematic viscosity behavior for the products was practically independent of temperature but an abrupt enlargement of the kinematic viscosity was observed in the presence of functional groups in the intermediate esters, even greater than the Mark–Houwink counterpart effect. On contrary, the presence of OA in the final product decreased the kinematic viscosity attending to its lower molecular weight with respect to the trimethylolpropane trioleate one. It was found that trimethylolpropane monooleate is undesirable for the viscosity index, whereas the presence of trimethylolpropane dioleate could also increase the viscosity index to a small extent, requiring a complex purification process. Finally, it is possible to affirm that the optimal TMP‐based lubricant obtained using an OA/TMP molar ratio of 3.0, after OA neutralization presented good marginal benefit and a viscosity index of 208.7, which is applicable for gear lubricants. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Synthesis of Biolubricant Trimethylolpropane Trioleate and Its Lubricant Base Oil Properties

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

Tribological characterisation of plant oil derived fatty acid esters of higher polyols: Comparative experimental study

Tribological characterisation of plant oil derived fatty acid esters of higher polyols: Comparative experimental study

Tribological and Thermophysical Properties of Environmentally-Friendly Lubricants Based on Trimethylolpropane Trioleate with Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoparticles as an Additive

An environmentally friendly production of ester‐biolubricant from oleic acid

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