Synthesis of Biodiesel via Acid Catalysis

Lotero, Edgar; Liu, Yijun; López, Dora E.; Suwannakarn, Kaewta; Bruce, David A.; Goodwin, James G.

doi:10.1021/ie049157g

Cited by 1,485 publications

(892 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…Complete removal of alkali components from biodiesel is particularly problematic and energy intensive, requiring aqueous quench and neutralisation steps which result in the formation of stable emulsions and soaps. [9,16,17] Life-cycle calculations on biodiesel synthesis from soybean feedstock show that the catalytic conversion of TAGs into biodiesel is the single most energy intensive step, accounting for 87 % of the total primary energy input, [18] largely a consequence of these associated quench and separation steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The surface chemistry of nanocrystalline MgO catalysts for FAME production: An in situ XPS study of H2O, CH3OH and CH3OAc adsorption

et al. 2016

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An in situ XPS study of water, methanol and methyl acetate adsorption over as-synthesised and calcined MgO nanocatalysts is reported with a view to gaining insight into the surface adsorption of key components relevant to fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) production during the transesterification of triglycerides with methanol. High temperature calcined NanoMgO-700 adsorbed all three species more readily than the parent material due to the higher density of electron-rich (111) and (110) facets exposed over the larger crystallites. Water and methanol chemisorb over the NanoMgO-700 through the conversion of surface O 2-sites to OH -and coincident creation of Mg-OH or Mg-OCH3 moieties respectively. A model is proposed in which the dissociative chemisorption of methanol occurs preferentially over defect and edge sites of NanoMgO-700, with higher methanol coverages resulting in physisorption over weakly basic (100) facets. Methyl acetate undergoes more complex surface chemistry over NanoMgO-700, with C-H dissociation and ester cleavage forming surface hydroxyl and acetate species even at extremely low coverages, indicative of preferential adsorption at defects.Comparison of C 1s spectra with spent catalysts from tributyrin transesterification suggest that ester hydrolysis plays a key factor in the deactivation of MgO catalysts for biodiesel production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The surface chemistry of nanocrystalline MgO catalysts for FAME production: An in situ XPS study of H2O, CH3OH and CH3OAc adsorption

et al. 2016

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] As is commonly known, the conversion of vegetable oil to biodiesel occurs during a transesterification process in the presence of a catalyst and heat ( Figure 1). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermogravimetric Quantification of Biodiesel Produced via Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification of Soybean oil

et al. 2009

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The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as a potential screening method for monitoring biodiesel production by transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. Soybean oil and commercially available biodiesel were mixed in varying proportions by weight as standards. In addition, mixtures of different biodiesel/soybean oil ratios were also created by periodically interrupting base-catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. The mixtures produced by both approaches were analyzed with TGA over a temperature range of 25−500 °C. The results were then compared with analytical data obtained by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR spectroscopy), an industry standard for biodiesel quantification. It was found in the TGA experiments that a significant weight loss at ca. 150 °C correlated to the volatilization of biodiesel. The relative weight losses in both sets of mixtures correlated well to the proportion of biodiesel present in the transesterification samples, and the results from both analytical methods were in good agreement (±1.5%). Thus, TGA is a simple, convenient, and economical method for monitoring biodiesel production. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the use of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as a potential screening method for monitoring biodiesel production by transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. Soybean oil and commercially available biodiesel were mixed in varying proportions by weight as standards. In addition, mixtures of different biodiesel/soybean oil ratios were also created by periodically interrupting base-catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. The mixtures produced by both approaches were analyzed with TGA over a temperature range of 25-500°C. The results were then compared with analytical data obtained by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR spectroscopy), an industry standard for biodiesel quantification. It was found in the TGA experiments that a significant weight loss at ca. 150°C correlated to the volatilization of biodiesel. The relative weight losses in both sets of mixtures correlated well to the proportion of biodiesel present in the transesterification samples, and the results from both analytical methods were in good agreement ((1.5%). Thus, TGA is a simple, convenient, and economical method for monitoring biodiesel production.

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“…BDFs were produced by transesterification using the alkali catalyst method or acid catalyst method [8], [9]. The conditions used to synthesize BDFs are presented in Table I.…”

Section: B Experimental 1) Bdf Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of the Cloud Point of Biodiesel by Combination of Various Factors

Todaka¹

2014

IJCEA

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Abstract-Optimization to reduce the cloud point of biodiesel fuel (BDF) was investigated by considering the combination of different kinds of alcohols for transesterification, catalyst type, and blending with castor BDF. Rapeseed oil (R), spent coffee oil (S), and jatropha oil (J) were used as raw materials. The cloud point of BDFs prepared with 1-butanol was found to be lower than that of those using methanol. H 2 SO 4 was a more effective catalyst to reduce cloud point than NaOH. As for blending with castor BDF, the cloud point was decreased from −7 to −7.5 °C for a 25 wt% blend of castor BDF with R-BDF, from 10.2 to 8.0 °C with S-BDF, and from 8.2 to 2.8 °C with J-BDF with permissible increases of kinetic viscosities. From the above results, the optimized conditions of 1-butanol, H 2 SO 4 and 25 wt% castor BDF were determined. Under these conditions, the cloud points were −7.5, 2.8 and −3.5 °C for R., S. and J. BDFs, respectively. This paper that the blend ratio of castor BDF was at 25 wt% or less, it was possible to suppress the increase in kinetic viscosity.

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Synthesis of Biodiesel via Acid Catalysis

Cited by 1,485 publications

References 55 publications

The surface chemistry of nanocrystalline MgO catalysts for FAME production: An in situ XPS study of H2O, CH3OH and CH3OAc adsorption

The surface chemistry of nanocrystalline MgO catalysts for FAME production: An in situ XPS study of H2O, CH3OH and CH3OAc adsorption

Thermogravimetric Quantification of Biodiesel Produced via Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification of Soybean oil

Reduction of the Cloud Point of Biodiesel by Combination of Various Factors

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