Synthesis of Biocompatible Cellulose-Coated Nanoceria with pH-Dependent Antioxidant Property

Abstract

Recent developments in nanomedicine have validated nanoceria as an antioxidant of therapeutic potential. However, its clinical application is far too limited in view of its poor stability in vivo and the use of hazardous solvents during its synthesis. There is a pertinent need for development of improved strategies for nanoceria to work better, especially by complexation with a matrix to improve upon its antioxidant property without toxicity. In the present study, cellulose has been used as a matrix of nanobiocomposite in which nanoceria are embedded, adopting solution plasma process (SPP). This resulted in cellulosenanoceria(C/nanoceria) biocomposite by plasma reactions for 15 min using cellulose powder and Ce(NO 3 ) 2 . Three-dimensional scaffold of the C/ nanoceria biocomposite was prepared by lyophilization. The biocomposite was characterized adopting UV−vis spectroscopy, FTIR, FESEM equipped with EDS, and HRTEM analysis. The cubical nanoceria, in the size range 3.2−32 nm, were successfully internalized in the cellulose nanomatrix without agglomeration and exhibited excellent antioxidant property in pH-dependent manner. The nanobiocomposite is not cytotoxic to HeLa cell at a concentration as high as >1 mg.mL −1 as revealed in the cytotoxicity assay. Thus, we describe for the first time synthesis of C/nanoceria, in a manner that is green and sustainable, which has potential in external clinical applications as an effective antioxidative green material for scavenging reactive oxygen species.

Synthesis and defect characterization of hybrid ceria nanostructures as a possible novel therapeutic material towards COVID-19 mitigation

“…Davoodbasha et al 25 ⁠ prepared a three-dimensional composite scaffold with cubic nanostructured particles sized between 3.2 and 32 nm made from cellulose and ceria nanoparticles by lyophilization, which was successfully immobilized into the cellulose matrix without agglomeration, besides presenting excellent antioxidant properties in a pH-dependent manner.…”

“…Unfortunately, free ceria nanoparticles administered in the body can be easily dissolved, forming toxic species, or even excreted from the organism 25 ⁠. Thus, improved strategies must be developed to enhance their performance, for example, to bind them to a polymeric matrix in order to improve their antioxidant properties and decrease their toxicity, as demonstrated by Weaver et al 26 ⁠.…”

CeO2 Nanoparticle-Containing Polymers for Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…A three-dimensional composite scaffold made from cellulose and CeNPs was prepared by lyophilization [ 48 ]. Cubical nanoceria particles, in the size range 3.2–32 nm, were successfully immobilized into the cellulose matrix without agglomeration and exhibited excellent antioxidant properties in a pH-dependent manner.…”

“…CeNPs efficiently scavenge ROS and free radicals, which makes them a promising antioxidant protective material. Unfortunately, free CeNPs are easily excreted from the organism or can be dissolved to form toxic species [ 48 ]. Moreover, despite their proven antioxidant activity, CeNPs can cause oxidative stress under certain conditions [ 19 ].…”

β-Cyclodextrin Stabilized Nanoceria for Hydrolytic Cleavage of Paraoxon in Aqueous and Cationic Micellar Media

“…Lanthanide series elements, especially cerium ion, which is a hard acid in nature, have a high affinity to interact with oppositively charged groups such as phosphate. In comparison to metal oxides and metal–organic frameworks, , the oxide form of cerium (CeO 2 ) is a more attractive agent due to its applications in photocatalysis, water splitting, and catalytic conversion. − Cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) in the nanoscale range is applicable in many areas such as in the agriculture field for crop improvement and crop stress tolerance, and in the biomedical field as a theragnostic agent for cancer treatment, as a bioscaffold, and for drug and gene delivery . The occurrence of two ionic valencies (Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ ) on the active sites of nanoceria is responsible for the oxygen vacancy generation on the surface, which facilitates the phosphohydrolase activity of CeO 2 NPs. − Because of their ionic valency state, they behave as radical scavengers .…”