Synthesis of biobased reactive hydroxyl amines by amination reaction of cardanol-based epoxy monomers

A perspective approach on the amine reactivity and the hydrogen bonds effect on epoxy-amine systems

“…In our previous works, 8,9 we noted that the presence of H bonds increased drastically the viscosity and the reactivity of hardener, and they also reduced the macroscopic deformations of the final materials. The observation of H bonds are described in polymer chemistry, such as in polyamide (PA), 10 polyurethane (PU) and non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU), 11,12 benzoxazine, 13,14 and epoxy-amine thermosets.…”

“…Our team has recently developed new efficient bio-based amine hardeners, by a direct amination method of epoxy monomers using aqueous ammonia solution. 8,9 These new hardeners showed high reactivity but also high viscosity due to the presence of many H bond sites in their structures. During these works, we realized that there was a lack of knowledge concerning the amine reactivity and the influence of H bonds in the epoxy-amine reaction.…”

Multi-Functional Cardanol Triazine Schiff Base Polyimine Additives for Self-Healing and Super-Hydrophobic Epoxy of Steel Coating

“…Moreover, the presence of the hydroxyl and azomethine groups facilitated the chelation of the bonded CardT-TPA with the steel surface more than Card-TH2, which did not contain the azomethine group. By comparing the mechanical properties of the present system with the cured epoxy coatings based on modified cardanol as epoxy or polyamine hardener [23,33,41,47], it was found that the compatibility and chemical curing of Card-TH2 and CardT-TPA increased the mechanical strength of the cured epoxy resin. The higher impact resistance and lower weight loss of the cured epoxy films in the presence CardT-TPA (5 wt.%; Table 3) elucidated that the cured epoxy absorbed more impact energy more than other systems.…”

“…The presence of an azomethine group in an epoxy matrix was found to improved adhesion with a steel substrate, and it combined excellent controlled degradability, stability, and antimicrobial properties [27][28][29][30]. Cardanol is one of byproducts of the cashew oil industry that has attracted considerable attention to produce multi-functional epoxies and hardeners due to its cheap price, easily modified chemical structure, and presence of a phenolic benzene ring and hydrophobic alkenyl groups (unsaturated C 15 -chain) that are used to modify its chemical structure with new functional groups [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Bio-based cardanol epoxies have been used to improve the anticorrosive performance of steel coatings by the creating higher impedance and electrochemical potential values, but these epoxies cannot act as superior multi-functional coatings.…”

Manufacturing of composite materials with high environmental efficiency using epoxy resin of renewable origin and permeable light cores for vacuum-assisted infusion molding

“…En general, esto se logra por los grupos funcionales que se encuentran en su estructura, concretamente anillos epoxi/oxirano que pueden polimerizarse para formar estructuras de red 3D. La mayoría de las resinas epoxi actualmente disponibles están basadas en éter de diglicidil de bisfenol A (DGEBA, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A), que proviene de la reacción del epiclorohidrin y el bisfenol A (BPA, bisphenol A) [12]. Estos componentes son materiales derivados del petróleo y, como las fibras sintéticas, tienen un impacto considerable en el aumento de la huella de carbono.…”