Synthesis of bio–additive fuels from acetalization of glycerol with benzaldehyde over molybdenum promoted green solid acid catalysts

Glycerol Isopropyl Ethers: Direct Synthesis from Alcohols and Synthesis by the Reduction of Solketal

“…The production of glycerol ethers from acetals, ketals, and glycerole sters (reductivea lkylation) is of considerable interest. On the one hand, the acetalization (ketalization)o fg lycerol can be performed under mild conditions (usually,a t2 0-80 8C and atmospheric pressure by using standard acid catalysts) with highy ields of products.F or example, the ketalizationo f glycerolw ith acetoneo na nA mberlyst 36 sulfonic cation exchanger occurred with af ourfold molar excess of acetone at 25 8Cw ith the yield of solketal( (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methanol) at al evel of 92-96 %; [31] the condensation of glycerol with other aldehydesa nd ketones,b oth aliphatic [32][33][34][35] and aromatic, [36,37] resulted in high yields and selectivity.O nt he other hand, the reduction of acetals and ketals to ethers (in essence,t his is the reduction of ab ound carbonyl compound to ac orresponding bound carbinol) is af amiliar and well-studied reaction;i ti sc onvenient to use lithium aluminum hydride for preparative purposes in the synthesis of ethers. [38,39] Similarly to the reduction of carbonyl compounds, the reactionr equires bifunctional, both acid and redox, catalysis.…”

Development of cerium promoted copper–magnesium catalysts for biomass valorization: Selective hydrogenolysis of bioglycerol

“…A number of value-added biofuels and chemicals can be produced from bioglycerol, including 1,2 and 1,3-propanediols, cyclic acetals/ketals, glycerol carbonates, glycerol esters, glycerol ethers, glyceric acid, and acrolein/acrylic acid as well as many other specialty chemicals [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Among various utilization routes of glycerol, the selective hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) is of paramount research interest to the scientific community.…”

Room temperature acetalization of glycerol to cyclic acetals over anchored silicotungstates under solvent free conditions

“…12 Traditionally, the acetalization of glycerol was carried out by using mineral acids as homogeneous catalysts. These hitches can be overcome by using heterogeneous catalysts such as alumina, 13 aluminosilicates, 14 resins, 15 transition metal complexes, [16][17][18] and mixed metal oxides. These hitches can be overcome by using heterogeneous catalysts such as alumina, 13 aluminosilicates, 14 resins, 15 transition metal complexes, [16][17][18] and mixed metal oxides.…”