Synthesis of BaTiO3 by soft chemistry routes

Abstract

In this paper we report a comparison concerning the properties of BaTiO 3 (BTO) ceramics obtained by two soft chemical routes, modified Pechini method and thermal decomposition of oxalate-based precursor. XRD data show the formation of single phase BaTiO 3 with tetragonal symmetry when the polymeric citrate-based precursor was annealed at 850°C, 2 h. In the case of oxalate basedprecursor, longer thermal treatment is required to obtain BaTiO 3 free of any secondary phases. For BaTiO 3 powders prepared by modified Pechini method, TEM and SEM investigations revealed the obtaining of uniformly sized particles forming spherical agglomerates inside large, nonuniform and partially sintered aggregates. The powders synthesized via oxalate route show particles of various sizes, with the same tendency of spherical agglomerates formation, but unlike the modified Pechini synthesis, more uniform and smaller aggregates with well-defined hexagonal-like shape were noticed. The relative permittivity values of 6,478 and 5,088 at Curie temperatures of 127 and 130°C and low dielectric losses (tan δ=0.012) at room temperature were obtained for ceramic samples synthesized via Pechini method and oxalate route, respectively.

Phase transition, piezoelectric, and multiferroic properties of La(Co0.5Mn0.5)O3-modified BiFeO3-BaTiO3lead-free ceramics

“…The modes near 265 and 497 cm −1 can be assigned to the E‐4 and A 1 ‐4 modes of BiFeO 3 ceramic, respectively. The similar Raman modes were reported in the 0.7BiFeO 3 –0.3BaTiO 3 and Mn‐doped 0.67BiFeO 3 –0.33BaTiO 3 solid solutions . The observed Raman mode near 641 cm −1 may be ascribed to the symmetrical stretching vibrations of the oxygen ions of the CoO 6 , MnO 6 , and FeO 6 octahedral in the BFO‐BT‐LCM‐ x ceramics.…”

Life cycle assessment and environmental profile evaluations of high volumetric efficiency capacitors

“…BT has been found to have a tan of 0.012, i.e. 1.2% of the energy stored [103]. Consequently, the use phase was calculated to be negligible (see supplementary material) and therefore was omitted for the scope of this investigation [12].…”

Effect of the nature of a transition metal dopant in BaTiO3 perovskite on the catalytic reduction of nitrobenzene

“…The synthesis of BTO nanopowders by oxalate route 21 was carried out starting with titanium isopropoxide and barium nitrate as metal oxide precursors, and oxalic acid as chelating agent, and 2-propanol as the solvent. These materials were mixed in a molar ratio Ti(OC 3 H 7 ) 4 : Ba (NO 3 ) 2 : C 2 H 2 O 4 $2H 2 O ¼ 1 : 1 : 2 in a mixture of 2-propanol and water.…”